ABOETION. 161 



strains more or less. No progress is made, however; there is not 

 even opening of the neck of the womb, and after a time the symptoms 

 subside. The mare usually refuses the male ; yet there are exception?? 

 to this rule. If the neck of the womb has been opened and putrefy- 

 ing changes have set in in its contents, the mare loses appetite and 

 condition, pines, discharges an offensive matter from the generative 

 passages, and dies of inflammation of the womb and putrid infection. 

 In other cases there is a slow wearing out of the strength, and the 

 mare finally dies of exhaustion. 



The treatment is such as will facilitate the expulsion of the fetus 

 and its membranes and the subsequent washing out of the womb with 

 disinfectants. So long as the mouth of the womb is closed time 

 should be allowed for its natural dilatation, but if this does not come 

 about after a day or two of straining, the opening may be smeared 

 with extract of belladonna, and the oiled hand, with the fingers and 

 thumb drawn into the form of a cone, may be inserted by slow oscil- 

 lating movements into the interior of the womb. The water bags 

 may now be ruptured, any malpresentation rectified (see " Difficult 

 parturition"), and delivery effected. After removal of the mem- 

 branes wash out the womb first with tepid water and then with a solu- 

 tion of 2 ounces of borax in half a gallon of water. 



This injection may have to be repeated if a discharge sets in. The 

 same course may be pursued even after prolonged retention. If the 

 soft parts of the fetus have been absorbed and the bones only left, 

 these must be carefully sought for and removed, and subsequent daily 

 injections will be required for some time. In such cases, too, a course 

 of iron tonics (sulphate of iron, 2 drams daily) will be highly bene- 

 ficial in restoring health and ^'igor. 



ABORTION. 



Abortion is, strictly speaking, the expulsion of the impregnated 

 ovum at any period from the date of impregnation until the foal can 

 survive out of the womb. If the foal is advanced enough to live, it 

 is premature farturitton^ and in the mare this may occur as early as 

 the tenth month (three hundredth day). 



The mare may abort by reason of almost any cause that very pro- 

 foundly disturbs the system. Hence very violent inflammations of 

 important internal organs (bowels, kidneys, bladder, lungs) may 

 induce abortion. Profuse diarrhea, whether occurring from the reck- 

 less use of purgatives, the consumption of irritants in the food, or a 

 simple indigestion, is an effective cause. No less so is acute indiges- 

 tion with evolution of gas in the intestines (bloating). The presence 

 of stone in the kidneys, uterus, bladder, or urethra may induce so 

 much sympathetic disorder in the womb as to induce abortion. In 

 exceptional cases wherein mares come in heat during gestation, service 

 H. Doc. 795, 5!)-2 11 



