176 DISEASES OF THE HORSE. 



In most cases of monstrosity b}^ excess, however, it is needful to 

 remove the superfluous parts, in vrhich case the general principles 

 employed for embryotomy must be followed. The Csesarean section, 

 by which the fetus is extracted through an incision in the walls of 

 the abdomen and womb, is inadmissible, as it practically entails the 

 sacrifice of the mare, which should never be done for the sake of a 

 monster. (See " Embryotomy," p. 182.) 



ENTRANCE OF TWINS INTO THE PASSAGE AT ONCE. 



Twins are rare in the mare, and still more rare is the impaction of 

 both at once into the pelvis. The condition would be easily recog- 

 nized by the fact that two fore limbs and two hind would occupy the 

 passage at once, the front of the hoofs of the fore feet being turned 

 upward and those of the hind feet downward. If both belonged to 

 one foal they would be turned in the same direction. Once recog- 

 nized, the condition is easily remediad by passing a rope with a run- 

 ning noose round each foot of the foal that is farthest advanced or 

 that promises to be most easily extracted, and to push the members of 

 the other fetus back into the depth of the womb. As soon as the one 

 fetus is fully engaged in the passage it will hold its place and its 

 delivery will proceed in the natural way. 



TABLE OF AVRONG PRESENTATIONS. 



(Incompletely extended. Flexor tendons short- 

 ened. 

 Crossed over the neck. 

 Bent back at the knee. 

 Bent back from the shoulder. 

 I Bent downward on the neck. 

 Head and neck turned back beneath the breast. 

 Turned to one side. 

 Turned upward and backward on the back. 



Hind limbs Hind feet engaged in the pelvis. 



Transverse Back of foal to side of pelvis. 



Inverted Back of foal to floor of pelvis. 



Tj. •, T , (Bent on itself at the hock. 



Hmd limbs JBentatthehip. 



Transverse Back of foal to side of pelvis. 



Inverted . - Back of foal to floor of pelvis. 



™ . .- i ■< 1 (With back and loins presented. 



Transverse presentation of body . . .j^^j^j^ ^^^^^^ ^^^ belly presented. 



FORE LIMBS INCOMPLETELY EXTENDED. 



In cases of this kind, not only are the back tendons behind the 

 knee and shank bone unduly short, but the sinew extending from the 

 front of the shoulder blade over the front of the elbow and down to 

 the head of the shank bone is also shortened. The result is that the 

 fore limb is bent at the knee and the elbow is also rigidly bent. The 

 condition obstructs parturition by the feet becoming pressed against 

 the floor of the pelvis or by the elbow pressing on its anterior brim. 

 Belief is to be obtained by forcible extension. A rope with a running 



Anterior pres- 

 entations. 



Posterior pres- 

 entations. 



Head. 



