EUBBER PADS FOE SHOES. 583 



ent parts of the world. In Germany the rope shoe (a malleable-iron 

 shoe with a groove in its ground surface in which lies a piece of tarred 



Fig. 9. — An acute-angled left fore hoof shod with a bar shoe. Note the width and posi- 

 tion of the bar and the fact that the nails are placed well toward the toe, so as not to 

 interfere with the expansion of the quarters. 



rope) is extensively used with most gratifying results. It is cheap, 

 durable, easily applied, and effective. 



Fig. 10.— a fairly formed right fore ice shoe for a roadster. The toe and outer heel calks cut at right 

 angles, and the inner-heel calk is slender and blunt. The back surface of the toe calk should be 

 perpendicular. 



In the large cities of England and the United States rubber pads 

 are extensively used. They are rather expensive, but are quite effi- 

 cient in preventing slipping on polished and gummy pavements, 



