BEETLES 169 



back of the first thoracic segment is expanded into 

 a large shield, bright orange in colour ; the last 

 segment of the body is also orange. The back of 

 the larva is black, and from the sides of the body 

 there project finger-like processes coloured black and 

 white, except those at the end of the body, which are 

 orange ; the body terminates in a pair of antler-like 

 processes. The habits of this larva are like those of 

 Lycostomus, and in the same way the last larval skin 

 covers the pupa, and is held in position by very similar 

 devices. 



Of very great interest are the large trilobite-like 

 larvae, apparently of some unknown Malacoderm beetle. 

 Structurally they resemble the larvae of Lycidce, but 

 are very much larger not only than the Lycid larvae 

 but than any adult Malacoderm beetle known to 

 science. Several species occur in Borneo, and one of 

 them is not at all uncommon ; others are found in Java, 

 Sumatra, the Malay Peninsula, Burma, and Travancore. 

 The extraordinary fact about these larvae is that no one 

 has 'ever succeeded in rearing them from the larval 

 stage to an adult, or even to a pupal stage, nor has 

 any one ever identified the species of beetle which 

 might be expected to be the adult stage. It is not 

 that the attempt to rear them has never been made, 

 for sundry entomologists, including myself, have kept 

 the creatures in captivity, have seen them moult and 

 increase in size, but have never witnessed the pupation 

 of a single specimen. Dr. Hanitsch obtained quantities 

 of another form on Mt. Kina Balu, in North Borneo, 

 his collectors bringing specimens to him literally in 

 handfuls until he stopped them from catching any 

 more ; the larvae were kept alive for some months in 



