112 NATURAL INHERITANCE. [CHAP. 



Throw A into the form of a Squadron and not of a 

 Scheme, and let us begin by confining our attention 

 to the men who form any two of the rectangular files 

 of A, that we please to select. Then let us trace 

 their connections with their respective Kinsmen in Z. 

 As the number of the Z Kinsmen to each of the A files 

 is considered to be the same, and as their respective 

 Stature-Schemes are supposed to be identical with that 

 of the general Population, it follows that the two Schemes 

 in Z derived from the two different rectangular files in 

 A, will be identical with one another. Every other 

 rectangular file in A will be similarly represented by 

 another identical Scheme in Z. Therefore the 1,000 

 different rectangular files in A will produce 1,000 iden- 

 tical Schemes in Z, arranged as in Fig. 14. 



Though all the Schemes in Z, contain the same 

 number of measures, each will contain many more 

 measures than were contained in the files of A, because 

 the same kinsmen would usually be counted many 

 times over. Thus a man may be counted as uncle to 

 many nephews, and as nephew to many uncles. "We 

 will therefore (though it is hardly necessary to do so) 

 suppose each of the files in Z to have been constructed 

 from only a sample consisting of 1,000 persons, taken at 

 random out of the more numerous measures to which it 

 refers. By this treatment Z becomes an exact Squadron, 

 consisting of 1,000 elements, both in rank and in file, 

 and it is identical with A in its constitution, though 

 not in its attitude. The ranks of Z, which are Schemes, 

 have been derived from the files of A, which are rect- 



