18 TRYPANOSOMIASIS 



Special Literature on Malaria 



ASCOLI, V.: La Malaria. 1127 pp. Torino, 1915. 



CRAIG, C. F.: The Malarial Fevers, Haemoglobinuric Fever and the 



Blood Protozoa of Man. 477 pp. New York, 1909. 

 HINDLE, E.: Flies in Relation to Disease. Blood-sucking Flies. 



398 pp. Cambridge, 1914. 

 JAMES, S. P.: Malaria at Home and Abroad. 234 pp. London, 



1920. 

 Ross, R.: The Prevention" of Malaria. 2d ed. 711pp. London, 



1911. 

 ZIEMAN, H.: Die Malaria. In Mense's Handbuch der Tropen- 



krankheiten. Bd. 5, ed. 2, 602 pp. Leipzig, 1918. 



B. Organisms that Cause Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness 

 and Chagas* Disease) in Man 



1. Classification. These diseases are caused by blood- 

 inhabiting Protozoa known as trypanosomes. They belong 

 to the class Mastigophora whose members are characterized 

 by the presence of one or more permanent whip-like loco- 

 motor organs called flagella. The flagellates comprise both 

 free-living and parasitic species. For the sake of con- 

 venience the flagellates that spend part of their life cycle 

 jn the blood of vertebrates and the other part in the digestive 

 tract of a blood sucking invertebrate are usually termed 

 Haemoflagellates. To this group belong the trypanosomes 

 and leishmanias. 



2. Description of species. Among the more important 

 species of trypanosomes that are pathogenic in lower organ- 

 isms are T. brucei that causes nagana in mammals, T. 

 evansi that causes surra in cattle, camels, etc., T. equiperdum 

 that causes dourine in horses, T. equinum that causes "mal 

 de caderas" in horses and dogs, and T. hippicum that causes 

 murrina in mules. The number of species of trypanosomes 

 that are pathogenic in man is not certain; those usually 

 recognized are T. gdmbiense, T. rhodesiense, and T. cruzi. 

 Other probable species are T. nigeriense and T. castellanii. 



