PREFACE TO THE REPRINT OF 1884. xi 



of anthers were the only ones seen to exsert tubes in 

 the stigmas. 



J. E. Todd ('American Naturalist/ xvi., 1882, p. 

 281) gives a curious account of Solanum rostratum, 

 in which the pollen for fertilisation is the product of 

 a single long-curved anther; while the four other an- 

 thers are small, and serve to supply pollen to the bees 

 visiting the flower. The stigma is so placed that it 

 receives pollen from the part of the bee dusted by the 

 long anther. 



CLEISTOGAMIC FLOWERS. 



According to P. Ascherson (' Bulletin Soc. Linn, de 

 Paris/ 1880, p. 250),* Helianthemum salicifolium was 

 shown by LinnaBus to produce ripe seed from closed 

 flowers. Ascherson describes the cleistogamic flowers 

 of H. Kaliiricum and H. Lippii y. micranihum, Boiss. 

 Schweinfurth is given as authority for the existence of 

 cleistogamic flowers in Salvia lanigera. The following 

 species are said to be " often cleistogamic " : Lamium 

 amplexicaule, Juncus bufonius, Ajuga Iva, Campanula 

 dimorphantha. 



In a second paper (' Sitz. d. Gesch. Naturf. Freunde 

 zu Berlin/ 1880, p. 97, quoted in the <Bot. Centralblatt') 

 Ascherson gives a further account of the cleistogamy 

 of Helianthemum Kahiricum. The flowers are open 

 in the early morning, so that cross-fertilisation is possi- 

 ble; the petals fall off in the course of the day, and 

 the sepals closely embrace the stamens and pistils, and 

 thus convert the flower into a cleistogamic one. 



Baron E. Eggers (<Bot. Centralblatt/ 1881, viii. p. 

 57) states that Sinapis arvensis, when grown in the 

 West Indies, produces cleistogamic flowers. 



* As abstracted in the ' Bot. Centralblatt.' 



