92 FOSSIL MEN. 



builders, made, at the same or possibly a still earlier 

 period, finer and more gracefully ornamented vessels, 

 and the art was carried to still greater perfection by 

 the Mexicans and Peruvians. Many of the smaller 

 pots are blackened with fire, and are encrusted near 

 the neck with a black paste, evidently the remains of 

 the pottage of Indian corn-meal formerly cooked in 

 them. The large pots are usually clean, and may 

 have been used as water-pots or for holding dry 

 articles of food. 



The highest skill of the Hochelaga potters was 

 bestowed on their tobacco-pipes. They possessed 

 stone pipes of steatite, or soapstone, but none of these 

 of elaborate form have been found. One somewhat 

 elaborate example seems to have been formed of the 

 celebrated red pipes tone, or catlinite, from the far 

 west. The great number of fragments of clay pipes, 

 however, and the manner in which some of them 

 are blackened, testifies to the prevalence of the habit 

 of smoking. In one Hochelagan pipe the remains of 

 the tobacco-leaves were recognised when it was dis- 

 interred. It had been filled, perhaps, on the eve of 

 the final assault of the town, and the smoker had 

 thrown it down unused to rush to the last battle of 

 his tribe. The use of tobacco was found in full force 

 by Cartier. It was probably cultivated both at Sta- 

 dacona and Hochelaga, as it still is by the Canadian 

 " habitants/' I have, indeed, seen a well-grown 

 patch of tobacco growing beside a noble crop of wheat 

 on the Laurentian hills, behind Murray Bay, on the 



