THE REMAINS OF CITIES OP THE STONE AGE. 95 



with man. Thus it may have become aii appropriate 

 sacrifice and means of invocation, even with reference 

 to the Great Spirit. In any case, its use was inter- 

 woven with all the religious usages of the people, and 

 as the " calumet of peace " with their most solemn 

 social and political engagements. From this high 

 place it has descended among the civilized imitators 



Fig. 23a. RED PIPESTONE PIPE. 



of the red man to be merely the solace of their idle 

 hours. 



That the usage of smoking should have prevailed 

 throughout America, and should have been connected 

 with the religious and social institutions of all its 

 tribes, and that it should not have existed in the 

 old world till introduced from America, seems singular, 

 yet the belief at one time entertained that the " elfin 

 pipes" found in Britain indicate ancient usages of 

 this kind, and that smoking is an old institution in 



