THE EEMAINS OF CITIES OF THE STONE AGE. 99 



washed into these caves, we have no absolute certainty 

 that the association may not have been accidental. 

 Still the evidence is quite as good as that relied on 

 for the association of so-called Palaeolithic implements 

 with bones of extinct mammalia in river gravels and 

 in other caves filled by water driftage. Fragments 

 of pottery have also been found by Dr. Fraas in the 

 cave of Hohlefels, in Swabia, amidst the debris left 

 by a Palaeolithic people who fed on the cave bear, the 

 extinct rhinoceros, and the reindeer; and the vase 

 found in the Trou de Frontal, in Belgium, has already 

 been mentioned. The fragments of pottery found in 

 the debris from Kent's cave may perhaps be rejected 

 as uncertain. 



The bill of fare of ancient Hochelaga was -somewhat 

 varied. Bones are found of nearly all the wild mam- 

 mals of the country, and of many birds and fishes. 

 Those of the beaver, however, largely predominate, 

 and remains of the bear, more especially lower jaws, 

 are quite numerous. The dog seems to have been 

 used as food, and the variety kept was that small 

 breed seen among many Indian tribes, and sometimes 

 called the fox-dog. The dog was no doubt the only 

 domesticated animal. Grains of Indian corn are not 

 infrequent, and fragments of the charred ear are also 

 found. The variety cultivated was similar to the 

 smaller kinds of early corn now used in Canada. 

 More rare are cotyledons of the bean, Phaseolus 

 vulgaris. The specimens of these preserved are of 

 course only those which had been accidentally charred 



