CHAPTER Y. 



IMPLEMENTS AND WEAPONS OF THE STONE AGE. 



So much has recently been written on chipped and 

 worked flints, and their familiar forms appear in so 

 many popular works, that readers may well be tired 

 of the subject. I shall try, however, in the following 

 pages to avoid as much as possible its trite and hack- 

 neyed aspects. 



As Nilsson well remarks in his excellent work on 

 the primitive inhabitants of Scandinavia, it is well to 

 begin the consideration of stone and bone implements 

 by examining the tools with which they were made. 

 Stone hammers at Hochelaga, and generally through- 

 out pre-historic North America, were of three kinds : 

 (1) discs, (2) hand-hammers of elongated forms, (3) 

 handled hammers. From the latter the transition is 

 easy to the pogamaugan, or skull-cracker, and to the 

 tomahawk, or hatchet ; and it will be the easier to re- 

 member these uncouth words if we bear in mind the 

 affinity of the first to the Indo-European ^oke, pugme, 

 pugnuSj and Semitic paga, and that the latter is 

 derived from an Algonquin root (tern or turn to cut) . 

 The same with the Greek Temno and, perhaps, Hebrew 

 Taman. These are at once mnemonic aids and exam- 

 ples of a vast number of widespread verbal analogies 



