IMPLEMENTS AND WEAPONS OP THE STONE AGE. 131 



America do not belong to a different age from those 

 of chipped flint, nor is it conceivable that they could 

 have done so. The makers of chipped implements 

 must have possessed at least stone hammers ; and in 

 districts where cleavable flints could not be found, 

 the primitive men must have had recourse to other 

 stones; and the use of the teeth, antlers, and horns 

 of animals must from the first have led to imitations 

 in stone and bone. In the oldest cavern deposits of 

 Europe there is abundant evidence of the use of teeth 

 and antlers as cutting implements, and it is absurd 

 to suppose that the men who made the bone spears 

 and other implements of Kent's Cave and the French 

 caves could not, if necessary, have made implements 

 of polished stone. If they did not do so, it was 

 because they lived in a region where the abundant 

 supply of excellent flint rendered unnecessary the 

 laborious operation of polishing fragments of more 

 refractory stones. Axes, chisels, and celts of polished 

 stone run in parallel series to the hammers already 

 mentioned; corresponding to the grooved hammers 

 we have grooved axes. The hand hammers have 

 correspondingly shaped celts and chisels, and the 

 hammers with handle holes have their correspond- 

 ing " Amazon axes/' as they have been called in 

 Europe. 



I shall here merely make a few remarks on one or 

 two of the kinds. The chisels show in their broken 

 and battered heads the marks of the hammers with 

 which they were driven in splitting wood. The axes 



