LOST AETS OF PEIMITIVE RACES. 1-49 



after having drilled through half the thickness of the 

 stone, to begin another bore at the opposite side. In 

 due time it met the first exactly in the middle. It 

 was originally my intention to drill a hole of about 

 three-quarters of an inch in diameter ; but I had not 

 made sufficient allowance for the lateral friction of the 

 sand, and hence it happened that the two conical 

 cavities forming the perforation acquired, much against 

 my wish, greater proportions than I expected, measur- 

 ing, in fact, an inch and a quarter in their widest 

 diameters. They would have become narrower, as well 

 as more cylindrical, if I had used a drill half as thick 

 as that which served in the operation ; but when I 

 made this discovery the work was already too far 

 advanced to be commenced again." 



With regard to the process of manufacturing pipes 

 of hard stone, he writes as follows : 



" The manufactures of stone which evince the great- 

 est skill of the former inhabitants of North America, 

 are by no means their pierced axes, but those remark- 

 able pipes, often made of the hardest stones, that have 

 been found in the so-called sacrificial mounds of the 

 Western States, but more especially in Ohio. These 

 ' mound-pipes' usually represent bowl and tube in one 

 piece, thus differing from the modern Indian pipe, 

 which consists of a bowl and a long wooden stem, and 

 bears a distant resemblance to the chibouk of the 

 Turks. A great number of pipes of the above- 

 mentioned antique shape were disentombed by Messrs. 

 Squier and Davis during their survey of the ancient 



