162 



FOSSIL MEN. 



vated, and whose culture they had extended as far to 

 the north as it yet reaches. 



Similar facts occur even among the ruder hunting 

 tribes. The Micmacs of Nova Scotia seem scarcely if 

 at all to have cultivated the soil. But as hunters and 

 fishermen they had explored all the natural riches of 

 their country and its neighbouring waters. They 

 knew the haunts and habits of every useful animal of 

 the land and of the sea, and had devised means for its 

 capture at the appropriate season ; and their graves, 

 and the heaps left by their makers of stone weapons, 

 show that they had discovered all its treasures of 

 greenstone, jasper, agate, and native copper, and 

 habitually turned them to account. Shortly after the 

 first French colony had settled at Port Royal,* some 

 alarm was caused to them by a visit of 800 Micmac 

 warriors who encamped near the little settlement. 

 But it appeared that they were engaged in an expe- 

 dition against some tribe inhabiting the coast of what 

 is now New England, and for this purpose they 

 crossed the Bay of Fundy in their bark canoes. These 

 same adventurous savages carried on naval and mili- 

 tary expeditions far up the St. Lawrence, and were 

 acquainted with the names and distribution of the 

 tribes on that river, and even farther west. Cartier 

 heard of them, or of the allied Malicetes, at Quebec, 

 as dangerous and predatory savages, under the name 

 of Tudemans. Their traditions told of a primitive 

 people whom they had driven from Nova Scotia, and 

 * Now Annapolis. 



