164 FOSSIL MEN. 



of the Coteau des Prairies, on the head waters of the 

 Missouri, had been distributed as far as the State of 

 New York, and I believe one of the pipes found at 

 Hochelaga to be made of it. Plates of mica quarried 

 in the metamorphic districts of the Appalachians, 

 have been abundantly diffused over the plains of the 

 Mississippi and the Ohio, and were used as orna- 

 ments and perhaps as mirrors. The chert from the 

 " Flint Kidge " of Ohio is shown to have been trans- 

 ported at least 400 miles from the quarries ; and 

 E-au holds, with good reason, that the flint was first 

 formed into flattish or disc-shaped pieces, and in 

 this state transported to distant places, where it was 

 stored up till required to be fashioned into arrow- 

 heads or other weapons. These stores of partly 

 formed objects were also buried in the ground in 

 order that they might not be injured by the drying in- 

 fluence of the air. It is in this way that we account for 

 the " caches " or buried deposits of imperfectly formed 

 flint implements which are often discovered ; and no 

 doubt many of the deposits of the so-called Palaeolithic 

 implements in Europe admit of a similar explanation. 

 Sea shells also, pearls and wampum beads, used as 

 ornaments, objects of religious veneration, or media 

 of exchange, were distributed in pre-historic times 

 throughout the length and breadth of the continent. 

 All this internal trade is now as much a thing of the 

 past as that carried on by primitive man in Europe ; 

 but its evidence remains to show how much can be 

 done even by men despised as savages. 



