PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PRE-HISTORIC MEN. 193 



plete the similarity, the Mentone man had an old 

 healed-up fracture of the radius of the left arm, the 

 effect of a violent blow or of a fall. Skulls found at 

 Clichy and Grenelle in 1868 and 1869 are described 

 by Professor Broca and Mr. Fleurens as of the same 

 general type, and the remains found at Gibraltar and 

 in the cave of Paviland, in England, seem also to have 

 belonged to the same race. The celebrated Engis 

 skull, believed to have belonged to a contemporary of 

 the mammoth, is also of the same type, though less 

 massive than that of Cro-magnon ; and, lastly, even 

 the somewhat degraded Neanderthal skull, found in a 

 cave near Dusseldorf, though, like that of Clichy, in- 

 ferior in frontal development, is referable to the same 

 peculiar long-headed style of man, in so far as can be 

 judged from the portion that remains. (See Fig. 33.) 



Let it be observed, then, that these skulls are pro- 

 bably the oldest known in the world, and they are all 

 referable to one race of men; and let us ask what 

 they tell as to the position and character of Paleo- 

 lithic man. The testimony is here fortunately well- 

 nigh unanimous. Huxley, who well compares some 

 of the peculiar features of these ancient skulls and 

 skeletons to those of Australians and other rude tribes, 

 and of the ancient Danes of Borreby, a people not 

 improbably allied to the Esthonians and Fins, re- 

 marks that the manner in which the individual heads 

 of the most homogeneous rude races differ from each 

 other ' ' in the same characters, though perhaps not 

 to the same extent with the Engis and Neanderthal 



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