218 FOSSIL MEN. 



diluvians and Post-diluvians ; or, to avoid committing 

 ourselves to historical connections, I have elsewhere 

 proposed the names Palceocosmic and Neocosmic. * 



In any case, I think that American archaeologists 

 and geologists must refuse to accept the distinction of 

 a Palaeolithic from a Neolithic period until further 

 evidence can be obtained. If, therefore, man in 

 Europe was contemporary with the extinct Mammalia 

 of the Post-pliocene, and existed there before the 

 latest great physical revolutions of climate and sur- 

 face, he did not belong to an imaginary rude and 

 semi- simian race. He not only displayed a good 

 physical organization, but had some knowledge of the 

 arts of life, and by virtue of this was able to shelter 

 himself from the severities of climate and to cope 

 with the wild animals which surrounded him. 



Of course we should not maintain that in the earlier 

 Stone age there may not have been progress in civili- 

 zation, as well as differences between the peoples 

 of different localities. In the Cresswell caves, de- 

 scribed by Dawkins,f we are informed that " in the 

 lowest stratum implements of the rudest and roughest 

 form, made of quartzite pebbles from the neighbour- 

 ing Permian conglomerate, were the only tools left 

 behind by the hunter. In the middle stratum, com- 

 posed of red earth, he used better implements, of flint 

 brought from a distance; while in the upper portion of 



* " Story of the Earth and Man." 



f " Journal Geological Society, 1877 : Manchester Proceed- 

 ings, 1877." See also Appendix. 



