ANTIQUITY OF MAN. 219 



the cave earth, and in the breccia, all his cutting imple- 

 ments were made of flint, and are of a higher order." 

 Here also are implements of bone and antler, and 

 even specimens of artistic carving. This sequence 

 may represent either a gradual elevation of one race, 

 or a succession of races, or the first rude efforts of a 

 small company of new settlers, as compared with their 

 condition when more fully established and with a 

 wider circle of intercourse, or the makeshifts of men 

 cut off by war or accident from their usual supplies. 

 The Micmacs resident in or visiting Prince Edward 

 Island, often had to use rude arrow-heads made from 

 the quartzite pebbles of the Triassic conglomerate, 

 though in Nova Scotia they employed beautiful 

 weapons of agate and jasper. 



"We can imagine even stragglers from civilization, 

 destitute of metals and obliged to begin a rude manu- 

 facture of flints. Eemarkable illustrations of this 

 occur at a later time in the remains of those extra- 

 ordinary villages built on platforms supported on 

 piles in the Swiss lakes, and which have afforded so 

 many curious relics. If the oldest of these villages, 

 as described by the Swiss antiquaries, belong to an 

 early part of the Stone age, they point unmistakably, 

 by the presence of several kinds of grain, of woven 

 cloth, and of a few objects of metal found in them, to 

 a greater civilization existing to the south ; and if the 

 Danish shell heaps, which exactly correspond to our 

 Indian shell heaps on the American coast, are contem- 

 porary, then they also point to a ruder people living 



