UNITY AND CONTINUITY. 321 



contribution of the Turanian race to the religious 

 thought of the world the belief in the deathlessness 

 of souls. The cultus which they serve is the worship 

 of the spirits of ancestors, which is the Turanian 

 religion. The creed of the Turanians was Animism. 

 They believed that everything animate or inanimate 

 had its soul or spirit ; that the spirits of the dead 

 could still make use of the spirits of the weapons, orna- 

 ments, and utensils they had used in life., and could be 

 served by the spirits of their slaves, their horses, and 

 their dogs, and needed for their support the spirits of 

 those articles of food on which they had been used to 

 feed." Hence, he goes on to say, we find in their 

 tombs the warrior with his weapons, the woman with 

 her domestic utensils, the child with the faithful dog 

 to guide it to the better land, and the tomb in all 

 respects the counterpart of the house, only more 

 durable and costly. Nor can we fail to see in the 

 Animism of the Turanians and Americans the rem- 

 nants of a rooted belief in a spiritual intelligence 

 above man. In the Hebrew Scriptures the Spirit of 

 God moving upon the face of the waters is the initial 

 step in evolving order out of chaos, light out of 

 darkness, life out of the inanimate. Hence the 

 Hebrew not only recognised the Divine Spirit as a 

 light of his own soul and the origin of the inspira- 

 tion of prophets, but as shining in the sun, glowing 

 in the flowers, singing in the birds, rustling in the 

 wind. To him all nature, the whole cosmos, was the 

 product of the one Spirit. So it should be to us also 



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