APPENDIX. 341 



that while in most countries an age of stone preceded an age 

 of metal, this is by no means universal ; and that doctrines as 

 to nature-myths supposed to have given origin to religious 

 beliefs, have been pushed to a ridiculous extreme. 



MEASUREMENTS OF SKULLS. 



From an interesting paper read before the French Associa- 

 tion for the Advancement of Science, in 1878, I take the 

 following average measurements of skulls, given in cubic 

 centimetres : 



Historic. 



French (city of Paris) . . T558 



German T521 



Croats 1-499 



Russians ]"47I 



Pre-historic. 



L'Homme Mort .... T606 



Solutr6 ....... 1-560 



Cro-magnon 1'550 



Grenelle . , T530 



Tchuchtchs T468 



This high development of the brain in palaeocosmic men 

 justifies the remark of Tylor, that they may have fallen off 

 from a " higher ancestral state." 



PflE-GLACIAL AND POST-GLACIAL MEN. 



In a paper read before the Victoria Institute, Professor 

 Hughes disposes of all the alleged cases of Pre-glacial men in 

 Europe; though, on grounds similar to those held by Sir C. 

 Lyell, he is still disposed to assign a higher antiquity to even 

 Post-glacial man. He seems not to have been aware that 

 the supposed "wattle" found in the iuterglacial brown coal 

 of Durnten, in Switzerland, has been shown by Steenstrup to 

 be probably the work of beavers ; nor does he notice the odd 

 theory of Gaudry, that the supposed Miocene flint implements 

 found in France may have been made by the extinct apes of 

 the genus Dryopitliecus. In the proceedings of the same 

 society Mr. Southali has ably summed up the arguments 

 bearing against the great antiquity of even Post-glacial men. 

 The whole question of the glacial age in connection with 

 man, is involved in grave difficulties at present, owing to the 

 extreme doctrines as to continental glaciation now prevalent, 

 and against which the writer, as well as other geologists, 



