200 FOUNDATIONS OF BOTANY 



of a pistil or a group of (usually two) stamens, springing 

 from the axil of a small bract. 



Staminate and pistillate flowers may be borne on differ- 

 ent plants, as they are in the willow, or they may be 

 borne on the same plant, as in the hickory and the hazel, 

 among trees, or in the castor-oil plant, Indian corn, and 

 the begonias. When staminate and pistillate flowers are 

 borne on separate plants, such a plant is said to be 

 dioecious, that is, of two households ; when both kinds of 

 flower appear on the same individual, the plant is said 

 to be monoecious, that is, of one household. 



212, Study of Imperfect Flowers. Examine, draw, and describe 

 the imperfect flowers of some of the following dioecious plants and 

 one of the monoecious plants : l 



f early meadow rue. 



Dioecious plants ^ willow. 



! poplar. 



f walnut, oak, chestnut. 



Monoecious plants < hickory, alder, beech. 



I birch, hazel, begonia. 



213. Union of Similar Parts of the Perianth. The 

 sepals may appear to join or cohere to form a calyx which 

 is more or less entirely united into one piece, as in Figs. 

 139 and 148. In this case the calyx is said to be gamo- 

 sepalous, that is, of wedded sepals. In the same way the 

 corolla is frequently gamopetalous, as in Figs. 144-148. 

 Frequently the border or limb of the calyx or corolla is 

 more or less cut or lobed. In this case the projecting 



1 For figures or descriptions of these or allied flowers consult Gray's 

 Manual of Botany, Emerson's Trees and Shrubs of Massachusetts, NewhalPs 

 Trees of the Northern United States, or Le Maout and Decaisne's Traite 

 General de Botanique. 



