MONOCOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS 41 



3. T. erectum, L. SQUAWROOT, BENJAMIN. Rootstock rather 

 upright, large and stout. Leaves broadly diamond-shaped, tapering 

 to a short point. Pedicel 1-3 in. long, not quite erect. Petals ovate 

 to lanceolate, much broader than the sepals, of a rich brownish- 

 purple or sometimes white or pale. Stigmas distinct, stout, and 

 spreading. The disagreeable scent of the flower has given rise to 

 several absurd popular names for it. In rich woods. 



4. T. grandiflorum, Salisb. LARGE-FLOWERED WAKE-ROBIN. 

 Rootstock horizontal, stem slender, 12-18 in. high. Leaves rhombic- 

 ovate, taper-pointed at the apex, rounded and sessile or slightly 

 peduncled at the base, smooth and with a bloom, 5-7-nerved, bright 

 green. Peduncle longer than the erect or slightly declined flower. 

 Sepals lanceolate-acute, 1-1^ in. long. Petals white, fading to pink, 

 longer than the sepals. Stamens less than half the length of the 

 petals. Style short, stigmas recurved. Fruit a black, roundish berry. 

 In rich woods.* 



5. T. nivale, Riddell. DWARF WHITE TRILLIUM. Plant 2-4 in. 

 high. Leaves petioled, oval to ovate. Flower white, erect. Petals 

 ^-1^ in. long, ovate-spatulate. Rich, damp woods, blooming with 

 the very earliest spring flowers. 



6. T. erythrocarpum, Michx. PAINTED TRILLIUM. Plant 8-12 

 in. high. Roofstock oblique to the rest of the stem, rather small ; 

 roots long and fibrous. Leaves ovate, taper-pointed. Petals white, 

 penciled at the base, with purple stripes, lance-ovate, somewhat 

 recurved, wavy. Cold woods, especially N. 



XXIV. SMILAX, Tourn. 



Mostly woody vines, usually with prickly steins, climbing by 

 tendrils. Rootstock often large and tuberous. Leaves alter- 

 nate, prominently nerved, netted-veined, petioled, stipules 

 replaced by persistent tendrils. Flowers regular, dioecious, 

 small, greenish, in axillary umbels. Perianth bell-shaped, 

 segments 6. Stamens 6, distinct. Ovary 3-celled, 3-6-ovuled, 

 stigmas 1-3, sessile or nearly so. Fruit a 1-6-seeded globose 

 berry. 



1. S. herbacea, L. CARRION-FLOWER. Stem herbaceous, erect, 

 simple or branched, not prickly, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves few, ovate, 

 acute, and mucronate at the apex, somewhat heart-shaped at the 

 base, 5-7-nerved, thin, smooth above, downy below, the upper some- 

 times whorled and the lower bract-like ; petiole short. Peduncles as 

 long as the leaves, growing from below the petiole. Umbel many- 

 flowered, flowers carrion-scented. Berry blue-black, 2-4-seeded. Dry, 

 fertile soil.* 



