DICOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS 91 



IV. PAPAVER. 



Annual or perennial herbs with milky juice. Stem erect, 

 smooth, or rough-hairy, branching above. Leaves more or 

 less lobed or dissected. Flower-buds nodding, flowers showy. 

 Sepals commonly 2, falling off as the flower opens. Petals 

 4-6. Stamens many. Stigma disk-like, ovules many, borne 

 on many inwardly projecting placentae.* 



1. P. somniferum, L. OPIUM POPPY. Annual; stem erect, 

 branched above, smooth and with a bloom, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves 

 oblong, irregularly lobed or cut, sessile, clasping. Flowers nearly 

 white, with a purple center, large and showy, on long peduncles. 

 Capsule globose, seeds minutely pitted. About old gardens and 

 waste places. Cultivated in southern Asia, where the juice of the 

 capsules is dried to make opium.* 



2. P. dubium, L. CORN POPPY. Annual ; stem slender, branch- 

 ing, 1-2 ft. tall. Leaves pinnatifid, the lower petioled, the upper 

 sessile. Flowers large and showy, usually red; capsule long- 

 obovoid, smooth. In cultivated ground. Both the species named 

 are often cultivated in gardens and produce double flowers.* 



3. P. orientate, L. ORIENTAL POPPY. A large, rough-hairy 

 perennial. Leaves large, deep green, almost pinnate. Flower very 

 large, deep red. Cultivated from the eastern Mediterranean region. 



4. P. nudicaule, L. ICELAND POPPY. A delicate but rough- 

 hairy perennial plant. Leaves all radical, pale, pinnately cut. 

 Flowers yellow-orange or white, borne singly on rather slender, 

 hairy scapes. Cultivated from Europe. 



V. DICENTRA, Borkh. 



Smooth, delicate herbs with watery juice. Leaves com- 

 pound in threes and finely cut. Flowers racemed, nodding. 

 Sepals 2, small and scale-like. Petals 4, slightly united to 

 form a heart-shaped or 2-spurred corolla (Fig. 12), the inner 

 pair spoon-shaped, enclosing the stamens and pistil. Stamens 

 6 ; the filaments somewhat united into 2 sets, and the anthers 

 in 2 sets close to the stigma. Stigma 2-crested. Pod 10-20- 

 seeded. 



1. D. Cucullaria, DC. DUTCHMAN'S BREECHES, BREECHES 

 FLOWER. A low, stemless perennial, with a delicate scape and a 

 cluster of root-leaves with linear divisions from a sort of bulb made 



