DICOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS 125 



XIII. TRIFOLIUM, Tourn. 



Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs. Stems more or less 

 spreading. Leaves petioled, of 3 toothed or serrate leaflets ; 

 stipules adnate to the petioles. Flowers white, yellow, or 

 red, in heads. Calyx 5-cleft, the teeth nearly equal and 

 subulate. Petals withering-persistent, keel shorter than the 

 wings. Stamens diadelphous. Pod smooth, 1-6-seeded, 

 scarcely opening.* 



1. T. procumbens, L. Low HOP-CLOVER. Annual ; stem slender, 

 erect, or spreading, downy, 6-10 in. long. Leaves short-petioled ; 

 leaflets obovate or obcordate, finely dentate, the middle one distinctly 

 stalked ; stipules lanceovate. Flowers yellow, reflexed in fruit. Pod 

 1-seeded. Common on clay soil, in waste places.* 



2. T. incarnatum, L. CRIMSON CLOVER. Annual ; stem erect, 

 somewhat branched, downy, 1-2 ft. high. Lower leaves long-, the 

 upper short-petioled; leaflets obovate or wedge-shaped, toothed at 

 the apex. Flowers bright crimson, sessile, in terminal heads which 

 finally become much elongated. Calyx silky, its lobes long and 

 plumose. Introduced and cultivated for fodder. 



3. T. pratense, L. RED CLOVER. Biennial or short-lived peren- 

 nial ; stems spreading, branching, downy, 1-3 ft. long. Leaves long- 

 petioled ; stipules large ; leaflets oval to obovate, finely toothed, often 

 with a dark triangular spot near the center. Flowers red or purple, 

 in globose heads, erect in fruit. Calyx-teeth bristle-shaped, hairy. 

 Pod 1-3 seeded. Introduced and widely cultivated.* 



4. T. carolinianum, Michx. CAROLINA CLOVER. Perennial; 

 stems spreading or ascending, much-branched, downy, 6-10 in. long. 

 Leaves short-petioled ; leaflets small, obovate or obcordate, slightly 

 toothed. Heads small, globose, on long peduncles. Flowers white, 

 tinged with purple, reflexed in fruit. Pod 4-seeded. Common in 

 waste places S.* 



5. T. repens, L. WHITE CLOVER. Perennial; stems widely 

 branching at the base, prostrate and creeping, nearly smooth, 6-12 

 in. long. Leaves long-petioled ; leaflets oval, obovate or obcordate, 

 minutely toothed. Heads globose, long-peduncled. Flowers white, 

 reflexed in fruit. Pod 3-4-seeded. Introduced; common about 

 houses and in pastures.* 



6. T. hybridum, L. ALSIKE CLOVER. Perennial, considerably 

 resembling No. 5, but the stems more upright and stouter. Leaflets 

 varying from broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, mucronate or 

 slightly notched, the margins fringed with hairs ; stipules prolonged 

 into bristle-like points. Flowers rose-color and white, very fragrant. 

 In fields and along roadsides. Introduced from Europe. 



