146 FOUNDATIONS OF BOTANY 



leaves, panicles long and slender. Fruit dark blue, small, very acid. 

 In rich woods E. and S.* 



3. V. cordifolia, Michx. FROST GRAPE, CHICKEN GRAPE. 

 Leaves rather smooth, thin, and shining, either not lobed or some- 

 what 3-lobed, heart-shaped, with the notch at the base deep and 

 acute, taper-pointed, with large, sharp teeth. Flower-clusters large 

 and loose. Grapes shining black, very sour, not ripening until after 

 frosts ; seeds 1 or 2, rather large. Moist thickets and banks of 

 streams S. 



4. V. rotundifolia, Michx. MUSCADINE GRAPE. Stem climbing 

 high ; joints short ; bark not shreddy ; wood very hard, often pro- 

 ducing long, aerial roots. Leaves orbicular, heart-shaped at the 

 base, coarsely toothed, nearly or quite smooth. Panicle small. 

 Grapes few in a cluster, large. The original form of the Scupper- 

 nong grape S.* 



II. AMPELOPSIS, Michx. 



Woody vines, climbing by tendrils and rootlets. Leaves 

 palmately compound. Flowers in compound cymes, perfect 

 or somewhat monoecious. Petals 5, distinct, spreading ; disk 

 none. Stamens 5. Ovary 2-celled, 4-ovuled. Fruit a 1-4- 

 seeded berry, not edible.* 



1. A. quinquefolia, Michx. VIRGINIA CREEPER. WOODBINE. 



Stem usually climbing high, but sometimes short and prostrate, 

 often producing many adventitious aerial roots which assist the vine 

 in holding to a support ; tendrils usually terminating in flat, adhesive 

 disks. Leaves palmately compound, of 5 oval leaflets, coarsely and 

 unevenly toothed above, usually entire below, smooth or slightly 

 downy. Cymes large and spreading when mature ; pedicels red. 

 Berries small, dark blue. Common in rich woods.* 



2. A. tricuspidata, Sieb. and Zucc. JAPANESE IVY, BOSTON IVY. 

 A freely branching, hardy climber. Tendrils numerous, branching 

 with closely adhesive disks. Leaves occasionally with 3 leaflets, but 

 usually with only one, which is jointed with the main petiole and 

 in autumn falls before the petiole ; leaflet 3-lobed or only scalloped, 

 roundish-ovate or heart-shaped, rather thick and shining. Culti- 

 vated from Japan. 



63. TILLAGES. LINDEN FAMILY. 



Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs. Leaves alternate, with 

 stipules. Flowers perfect in cymes, the latter usually in 



