164 FOUNDATIONS OF BOTANY 



clustered at the ends of the twigs, long-petioled, oval, acute at the 

 apex and often at the base, minutely toothed, pale and covered with 

 fine, appressed hairs beneath ; cymes loose and open. Flowers white. 

 Fruit deep blue. Banks of streams.* 



II. NYSSA, L. 



Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, petioled, entire or few- 

 toothed. Flowers somewhat monoacious or dioecious, the 

 staminate in many-flowered heads or cymes, the pistillate in 

 small clusters or solitary. Calyx-tube 5-toothed or truncate. 

 Petals minute or wanting. Stamens 5-10. Ovary 1-celled, 

 1-ovuled ; style long and recurved. Fruit a 1-seeded stone- 

 fruit. 



1. N. sylvatica, Marsh. BLACK GUM. A tree with widely 

 spreading branches and dark, rough bark, wood light-colored, very 

 tough, base of trunk often enlarged. Leaves often clustered at the 

 ends of the twigs, oval or obovate, taper-pointed or obtuse at the 

 apex, entire, smooth and shining above, downy beneath, becoming 

 bright red in autumn. Staminate flowers in heads. Pistillate 3-10 

 in a long-peduncled cluster. Fruit ovoid, dark blue or nearly black, 

 % in. long, stone slightly ridged. In rich, wet soil S. and E.* 



2. N. uniflora, Wang. TUPELO. A large tree, similar to the 

 preceding. Leaves long-petioled, oval or ovate, acute at each end, 

 entire or coarsely toothed, the lower sometimes heart-shaped, smooth 

 above, downy beneath, 4-8 in. long. Staminate flowers in heads. 

 Pistillate flowers on long peduncles, solitary. Fruit ovoid, dark blue, 

 stone sharply ridged. In swamps S. and E.* 



74. PYROLACEJE. PYROLA FAMILY. 



Perennial herbs, evergreen or else pale and without chlo- 

 rophyll. Petals usually free from each other and falling off 

 separately after flowering. Stamens hypogynous, the anthers 

 without appendages and opening by pores or by a transverse 

 slit. Fruit a capsule containing a great number of very small 

 seeds. 



L CHIMAPHILA, Pursh. 



Low plants, nearly herbaceous, with reclining stems, from 

 long, horizontal, underground shoots. Leaves opposite or 



