46 



CHAPTER III. 



The Pottowatomies.— Crossuig the Waliarouslia.— Adventure, at the Springs.— IT* 

 Caw chief.— Kansas river and Indians.— Pleading for whi.skey.— Hickory timber. 

 -Prairie tea.— Scenes at the N. Fork of Blue.— Wild honey.— Return party.— 

 Mountaineers in California.— Adventure with a buffalo.— Indian atrocities.— 

 Dquor and the Fur Trade.— Strict guard.— High prices. 



Continuing our course, we bore to the right, and struck the northern 

 or Platte trail, and, after travelling eijjlit or ten miles, made camp upon a 

 email creek skirted with heavy timbei, called Black Jack. An early start 

 the next morning brought us to the Wakarousha, a considerable tributary 

 of the Kansas, where a junction was formed with our advance party. The 

 territory lying upon this stream as far south as Council Grove, (a noted 

 place on the Mexican trail, 144 miles west from Independence,) belongs 

 to the Pottowatomies. These Indians are very wealthy and are partially 

 civilized, — the most of tliem being tillers of the ground. Their dwelling* 

 are of very simple construction, — large strips of bark firmly tied to a 

 frame-work of poles witli small apertures to admit light, furnishing the ex- 

 terior, while the interior is finished by the suspension of two or three 

 blankets between the apartments, as partitions, and erecting a few scaflblda 

 for bedsteads. The fire-place in warm weather is out of doors, but in 

 the winter it occupies the centre of the building, from which the smoke- 

 unaided by jamb or chimney — is left to find its way through an opening 

 in the roof. Some, however, are beginning to improve in their style of 

 architecture, and now and then we find a tolerably spacious and comforta^ 

 ble house among them. 



The Catholics have several missionaries with this tribe, and are using 

 great exertions, if not to ameliorate their condition, at least, to proselyte 

 them to their own peculiar faith. The missionaries of other christian 

 denominations are also devoting themselves for their benefit, and not un- 

 frequently with gratifjring success. 



The remainder of the day was occupied in crossing the creek — a task 

 by no means easy, — its banks being so precipitous we were compelled to 

 lower our waggons by means of ropes. In so doing it required the utmost 

 caution to prevent them from oversetting or becoming broken in the ab- 

 rupt descent. 



The night following was passed upon the opposite bank. After travel- 

 ling some twelve miles the next day, we encamped a short distance to the 

 right of t!ie trail, at a place known as the Springs. Scarcely had we 

 halted when two footmen appeared from an opposite direction — one ot 

 them leading a horse — Vv'hom a nearer advtince proved to be a white man 

 and an Indian. The former was immediately recognized by our engages 

 as an old acquaintance, by tiie name of Brown, v/ho had been their recent 

 compagnon de voyage from the mojintains. His story was soon told. A 

 few daya Bubsequent to his arrival in tlie States, a difliculty had occurre* 



