io8 



APES AXD MONKEYS. 



Characteristics. 



Under the lieadiny of tlie luangabeys we liave seen liow these monkeys ditier 

 from their cousins the ^uenons in having a heel, and thus five cusps, to tlieir hist 

 lower molar teeth, and also in tlie uniform coloration of tlieir individual hairs. 

 As this is ahso the case in the macaques, it is obvious that in this respect the 

 mangabey.s form a transition to them from the guenoiis; and we may now 

 consider how the macacjues and mangabej^s are to be distinguished from one 

 another. 



In the first place, macaques are always of stouter build than the 

 niiuigabeys ; and they are further distinguislied by tlie considerably 

 greater prolongation of the muzzle, and the larger size of the naked callosities 



on the buttocks. Some 

 of tlie macaques have 

 tlieir tails as long as 

 those of tile guenons and 

 mangabeys ; in others 

 these appendages are very 

 short, while in a few they 

 are actually wanting; 

 thus showing tliat the 

 presence or absence of a 

 tail is of no import either 

 as a generic character, 

 or as indicative of a 

 higher or lower degree 

 of organisation. In com- 

 mon with all the monkeys 

 we have liitherto con- 

 sidered, the no.strils of the 

 macaques do not reach as 

 far forwards as the ex- 

 tremity of the muzzle. 



From these characters 

 it will be appai-ent that 

 while the macaques are 

 .sufficiently distinguished 

 from the mangabeys to be 

 entitled to rank as a 

 separate genus, yet both 

 groups are closely allied. 

 And, as we shall see that as in the opposite direction the macaques are intimately 

 connected through one singular intermediate form with the baboons of Africa, 

 we have evidence tliat an almost complete ti-ansitioii exists from the guenons 

 tlirough tlie mangabeys to the macaques, and thus to the baboons. 



In .speaking of the niacaijues as Asiatic monkeys, we must guaivl tmrselves by 

 mentioning that one solitary outlying species is found in the mountains of North- 

 West Africa, and also on the opposite coast of Gibraltar. The greater majority 



THE BUUMESE PIG-TAILED MONKEY. 



(From Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860.) 



