138 APES AND MONKEYS. 



under at least two distinct names, and regarded as different species, though it is 

 a well-ascertained fact that the common baboon, or papio, belongs to one and the 

 same species as the sphinx, or Guinea baboon. 



The Guinea baboon is characterised by the uniformly reddish-brown colour 

 of its fur, which is washed with a yellowish tinge, more especially upon the head, 

 shoulders, back, and limbs ; the cheeks and throat being paler, and the whiskers 

 fawn-coloured. As in the chacnia, the upper eyelids are white. The nose pro- 

 jects rather beyond the upper lip, but is somewhat less elongated than in the 

 chacma, and has small swellings corresponding with those so enormously developed 

 in the next species. 



As its name indicates, it is an inhabitant of Guinea ; and although, judging 

 from the number of specimens that are imported into Europe, it must be common, 

 we have no record of its habits and mode of life in a state of nature. Of those 

 in a state of confinement we have, however, numerous accounts, from the time of 

 Buffon downwards; the species being frequently carried about by itinerant 

 showmen. 



The Mandrill (Pa'pio mtyrmon). 



With the hideous ci-eature represented in the accompanying woodcut we come 

 to the fii-st of two West African species of baboons, distinguished from all those we 

 have liitherto considered by the reduction of the tail to a short stump, and also by 

 the long tuberculous swellings on either side of the muzzle, which communicate the 

 peculiarly hideous expression to the face. Moreover, tlie whole head is larger 

 in proportion to the boily than in the other baboons, and as the fore-quartei-s also 

 appear to be relatively higher in proportion to the hinder pai-ts, the general 

 appearance is iingainly in the extreme. In fact, the whole appearance is far 

 more suggestive of the forms imagined during a nightmare than is the case with 

 any other living Mammals. 



It has been suggested b}^ several naturalists that these two species ought to 

 be separated from all the other baboons in a genus by themselves : and the late Dr. 

 Gray even went so far as to make each of them the t^'pe of a distinct genus. 

 This separation is, however, uncalled for, since both are tnie baboons in all 

 essential charactei-s ; the small size of the tail being merely analogous to the con- 

 dition which we have seen in certain membei-s of the macaque monkeys, while the 

 huge swellings on the face are only exaggerated developments of the smaller ones 

 found in the Guinea baboon. 



The mandrill, as the species represented in the accompanjang illustration is 

 called, is the largest of all the baboons, and is, in truth, a brute of tremendous power 

 and ferocity. Its leading characteristics as a species are to be found in the circum- 

 stance that its short and tuberculous tail has its under surface naked, and that the 

 swellings on the face are ornamented with a brilliant coloration in the adult state, 

 and are of enormous dimensions. 



From the great development of these swellings on the sides of the muzzle. 

 Pennant gave to the mamlrill the name of rib-faced baboon, but this has 

 generally been discarded by modern writers in favour of the former term. And 

 here we may take the opportunity of mentioning that, accorcUng to the investigations 



