I40 APES AND MONKEYS. 



batwecn such brilliant coloui-s an<l the general line of the fur ami the hazel eyes is 

 most marked. The stump of a tail, which, as we have seen, is naked on the under 

 siile, is carried erect ami l)ent over the hack soiiiewliat after the manner of tliat of a 

 pug-dog. The general colour of the fur is a blackish-olive, darker on tlie ci-own 

 of the head, the middle line of the back, the nape of the neck, and the flanks ; and 

 lighter on the cheeks. The summit of the head is crowned with a crest of dark 

 hair directed backwards in a pointed and peaked form, while the chin is orna- 

 mented with a small pointed beard of an orange-j'ellow colour. To add to the 

 strange effect of aU these varied tints the large naked callosities on the buttocks 

 are of a bright blood-red colour. The pointed crest on the crown gives to the whole 

 head a somewhat triangular fomi ; and in harmony with this peculiar contour we 

 iiml the nakeil bluish-black ears angulated at their fore-and-aft boixlci-s, suggesting 

 the appearance of having been cropped. Tlie truncateil muzzle is surrounded 

 by a i-aised border like tliat of the swine; from M'liich circumstance it has been 

 considered by some writei-s that the niamlrill is the problematical animal alluded 

 to by Aristotle as Clweropithecus (hog-ape), but this identification is l)y no means 

 certain. 



Such are the coloui-s of the adult male mandrill, but the brilliant scarlet of the 

 middle and end of the muzzle is not assumed until the first, or milk-set of teeth have 

 been replaced by the permanent series, while at a still younger age the whole of the 

 face is black. Moreover, it is onlj- in the adult of the male sex that the swellings on 

 either side of the snout assume the enormous dimensions we have noticed. In both 

 the young males and in the females of all ages, these swellings are but of moderate 

 dimensions ; and in the female they are coloured blue only. In correlation with the 

 smaller size of the fleshy swellings, the skulls of females and yoiuig males are 

 characterised b}- the much slighter development of the l)ony ridges underlj-ing these 

 structures, which form such prominent features in the skulls of old males. 



In the wild state on the western coast of Africa mandrills appear 

 Habits. . . . 



to ha\e habits very like those of other balxxjns, li\ing iia large troops : 



and on this account, as well as from their size and strength, being exceediuglj' 



formidable antagonists. The accounts given by the earlier travellei-s of their 



attacking men without being provoked require coufirniing : and we are in want 



of full information as to their habits in general. 



In confinement the chief characteristic appeai-s to be that the ferocity and 

 moroseness common to the old males of all baboons is intensified. There is also 

 a marked liking for spirituous liquoi-s of all kinds, which is likewi.se a trait 

 exliibited by other species of the genus. One of the earliest examples of an adult 

 male mandrill exhibited in London was the famous " Jerry," immortalised by Mr. 

 Broderip, which was kept fii-st in the menagerie at Exeter Change, and then 

 transferred to the Surrey Zoological Gardens. This animal had leamt to drink 

 daily a pint of porter, which he seemed thoroughly to appreciate, and he had also 

 been taught to smoke tobacco in a short clay pipe, although this accomplishment 

 did not appear to be so much to his taste. 



Of late yeai-s the mandrill has been represented by a comparatively small 

 number of specimens in the London Zoological Society's Gardens. An extra- 

 ordinary animal was bom in the Society's menagerie in the autunm of 1878, being 



