216 EDENTATES. 



is so great as to allow of the animal rolling itself into a complete ball. One 

 peculiar genus of extinct armadillo differs from all living forms in that the whole 

 body-shield was composed of these movable plates. Usually a certain number of 

 hairs protrude between the bony plates of the armour ; and in some cases these are 

 so numerous as almost to conceal the armour, and give the appearance of a furry 

 animal. Each bony plate is sculptured, varying in pattern in the different 

 genera; and it is overlain by a homy shield, developed in the cuticle or epidermis ; 

 the bones themselves belonging to the true skin. The upper surface of the head 

 is also protected by an armour of similar structure ; and the tail is usually en- 

 circled by a series of bony rings. The limbs are likewise protected externally by 

 a number of bony plates embedded in the skin, which do not, however, articulate 

 together by their edges. The fore-feet are provided with very powerful curved 



claws adapted for dig- 

 ging, and varying in 

 number from live to 

 three : while in the hind- 

 feet the claws are of 

 smaller size, and invari- 

 ably five in number. 

 The numerous teeth are 

 small and simple, looking 

 like small pegs fixed in the jaws ; and in one genus the anterior teeth are preceded 

 by a deciduous milk series. The tongue is considerably elongated, although to a 

 less extent than in the ant-eaters. 



The elongated skull is characterised by the full development of the zygomatic 

 or cheek arch; and the collar-bones are complete. In the hind-limbs Un- 

 bones of the second segment — tibia and fibula — differ from those of the other 

 existing members of the order by being united together at their lower extremities. 

 Another peculiarity is that a variable number of the vertebrae in the middle of the 

 neck are likewise immovably welded together. In the development of additional 

 facets for mutual articulation, the vertebrae of the loins of the armadillos resemble 

 those of the ant-eaters. The ribs are of considerable width : and the upper lateral 

 processes of the back are specially developed for the support of the carapace. 

 .Must of the species are of comparatively small size: the largest living one not 

 exceeding 3 feet in length, exclusive of the tail : but in the Pleistocene of Argentina 

 there occurs the gigantic Dasypotherium, with a skull about a foot in length. In 

 the Argentine pampas the armadillos are as a rule diurnal, in other districts many 

 appear to be crepuscular or nocturnal. The majority are mainly or exclusively 

 insectivorous, but one species consumes not only flesh, but vegetable substances. 

 In disposition these Edentates are mostly harmless and inoffensive little creatures ; 

 a Gaucho remarking to Mr. Darwin, as he sharpened his knife on the back of one, 

 they are so quiet (son tan tnansos"). All of them burrow in the ground : and so 

 rapid is the act of burrowing, that, as the writer has witnessed, if a horseman sees 

 one of these animals, it is almost necessary for him to tumble off his horse in order 

 to capture it before it disappears in the soft soil of the pampas. They run with 

 considerable speed, some of the species merely touching the ground with the tips of 



