LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 



xv 



Page 

 Hooked Fruits of Avens (Geum urbanuni) 



(from Kerner) ----- 98 

 Colonial Animalcules (after Greeff, Stein, 



and Saville Kent) 100 



Small Colony of a Coral (Astroides caly- 



ciilaris) 102 



Small Part of a Colony of Aglaophenia 



(from Graber) 103 



Diagram of a Colony of Compound Jelly- 



Fish (Siphonophora) (after Glaus) - - 104 

 A Compound Jelly-Fish (Stephalia corona) 



(after Haeckel) 104 



Parts of Colonies of Moss- Polypes (after 



von Nordmann and Busk) ... 105 

 Fire-Cylinder (Pyrosomci) and Botryllus 



(after Carpenter and Herdman) - - 106 

 Nest of a Social Wasp ( Vespa Germanica) 



(after Janet) 112 



Horse Ants (Formica rufa) collecting Food 



and Building- Materials - - - - 117 

 Ant (Myrmica rubra) " Milking " an Aphis 



(Aphis sambuci} (from Selenka) - - 119 

 Light-Shunning Termite ( Termes lucifugus) 



(after Grassi) 123 



Section through Mound of Warrior Termite 



( Termes bellicosus) (after Houssay) - 125 

 Royal Cell of Warrior Termite (Termes 



bellicosus) (after Smeathman) - -126 

 Part of a Shoal of Herrings ( Clupea haren- 



gus) ... - 129 



CRESTED PENGUINS OR ROCK-HOPPERS 



(Eudyptes chrysocome) - - - - 130 



A Rookery - - - - - - 131 



Lesser Tern (Sterna minntd) and Ringed 



Plover (ALgialitis hiaticold) - - - 133 

 Male Ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus) in Winter 



Plumage 134 



Hartebeest (Bubalis caama) ... 141 

 Foot of Sheep ( Ovis aries) dissected to show 



scent-gland (after Cossar Ewart) - - 142 

 Male Mandrill (Papio mormon) - - 145 

 Cock Chaffinches Fighting ... 147 

 THE HORNED PHEASANT OR TRAGOPAN 



(Ceriornis Satyrus) - - - - 148 

 Male Australian Bustard (Otis australis) 



(after Murie) 150 



Owen's Chameleon (Chamceleo Oweni) - 151 

 Male Lizard (Sitana) with Throat-pouch - 152 

 Great Crested Newt (Molge cristatzts) - 153 

 Head of Adult Male Salmon (Salmo salar) 155 

 Gemmeous Dragonet (Callionymtts lyra) - 158 

 A Tropical Beetle (Chiasognathus Grantii) 159 

 Orange-Tip (Anthocharis cardamines) and 



Cabbage-White Butterflies (Pieris bras- 

 sier) 161 



" Assembling" of Oak Eggar Moths (Lasio- 



campa quercus} 163 



Page 



The Emperor Moth (Saturnia carpini) - 164 



Horizontal Sections through the Heads of 

 a Male and Female Mayfly ( Cloe fuscata) 

 (after Zimmer) 165 



A South American Glow- Worm (Phengodes 

 Hieronymi) (after Haase) - - - 165 



Courtship Attitudes of Male Spiders (after 

 Dr. and Mrs. Peckham) - - - 167 



Indian Fiddler Crab (Gelasimus annulipes) 

 (from Alcock) .... 168 



Indian Rock Perch (Minous inermis) with 

 Commensal Polypes (Stylactis minoi) 

 (from Alcock) 171 



An Indian Sea-Snail (Plettrotoma symbiotes) 

 with Commensal Sea- Anemones (Epizo- 

 anthus) (from Alcock) - - - - 172 



Slave Raid of Amazon Ants (Polyergus ru- 

 fescens) 176 



Scenes in Ant Life (after Wasman and 

 Janet) 179 



Buffoon-Crab (Dorippe facch ino) with Com- 

 mensal Sea-Anemone (Cancrisocia ex- 

 pansa} (from Selenka) - - - - 179 



Anderson's Blanket-Crab (Chlanopagurus 

 Andersoni) with Commensal Sea-Ane- 

 mones (Epizoanthus] (from Alcock) - 181 



Andaman Sponge-Crab ( Cryptodromia pile- 

 ifera) with Commensal Sponge (from 

 Alcock) 182 



A Cup-Coral (Heteropsammia Michelini), 

 showing the dwelling of its Commensal 

 Siphon- Worm (Aspidosiphon corallicola) 

 (from Alcock) - - - - - 182 



Young Cuckoo (Cticulus canorus) ejecting 

 a Fledgling Meadow- Pipit from the Nest 

 (from Blackburn) 187 



Sucker of a Lamprey (Petromyzon) - 188 



Parasitic Cap-Shell (Thyca ectoconcha) at- 

 tached to the Skin of a Star - Fish 

 (Linckia multiforis) (after Sarasin) - 189 



Swallow-Fly (Stenopteryx hirundinis) and 

 Sheep- " Tick " (Melophagus ovis) - - 190 



Horse-Bot ( Gastrophilus equi ) ( from Ritzema 

 Bos) 191 



A Bee-Parasite (Stylops aterrimus) (from 

 Selenka) 192 



Stages of Sitaris humeralis (from Selenka) 193 



The Yellow-legged Ichneumon-Fly (Micro- 

 gaster glomeratus} (after Ritzema Bos) - 194 



A Female Ichneumon-Fly (Thalessa) using 

 her Ovipositor (after Riley) - - - 195 



A Tick (Ixodes) 195 



Hair-Mite (Simoneafollicttlorum) and Itch- 

 Mite (Sarcoptes scabei) (after Leuckart) 196 



Carp- "Louse" (A rgulus)- - - - 196 



Perch-" Louse" (Achtheres percarum) - 197 



Sprat- " Louse " (Lernaa) - - - - 197 



