CONTENTS 



CHAPTER LXV. ASSOCIATION OF ORGANISMS MESS- 

 MATES OR COMMENSALS (COMMENSALISM) 



Page 



FISHES (PISCES) AS MESSMATES Fierasfers and Sea-Cucumbers. Perch-like 

 Fishes (Amphiprioti) and Giant Sea- Anemones (Discosoma) of Australia. 

 Indian Rock-Perch (Minous inermis) and Encrusting Zoophyte (Stylactis 

 minoi) 170 



MOLLUSCS (MOLLUSCA) AS MESSMATES Indian Sea-Snail (Pleurotoma symbiotes) 

 and Colonial Sea-Anemones (Epizoanthus). Bivalve Molluscs associated with 

 Sea-Urchins and Crustaceans - - - - - - - - - -172 



INSECTS (INSECTA) AS MESSMATES Humble-Bees (Bombus) and Lodger-Bees 

 (Psithyrus}. Ants and Aphides. Slave-making Ants. Ants'-Nest Insects 

 (Myrmecophilous Insects) and other Guests of Ants - - - ... 175 



CRABS (BRACHYURA) AS MESSMATES Buffoon-Crab (Dorippe facchind) and 

 Sea-Anemone (Cancrisocia expansa). Hermit-Crabs (Eupagurus, &c.) and 

 Cloak- Anemones (Adamsia), Hydroid Zoophytes (Hydractinia), and Colonial 

 Sea- Anemones {Epizoanthus}. Sponge -Crabs (Dromtdce}. Hermit -Crab 

 (Eupagurus) and Sponge (Suberites) 179 



SIPHON- WORMS (GEPHYREA) AS MESSMATES Aspidosiphon and Cup- Corals - 182 



CHAPTER LXVL ASSOCIATION OF ORGANISMS PARASITES 



Ectoparasites and Endoparasites. Origin of Parasitism, and Degeneration resulting 



from the Habit. Fecundity of Parasites. Brood Parasitism - - 184 



BIRDS (AVES) AS BROOD-PARASITES Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus). Cow-Birds 



(Molobrus] - 1 86 



FISHES (PISCES) AS PARASITES Lampreys and Hags (Cyclostomata) - - - 188 



MOLLUSCS (MOLLUSCA) AS PARASITES Parasitic Sea-Snails (Tkyca, Stilaster, 



Entocolax, Entoconchd). Larvae (Glochidia) of Freshwater Mussels - - - 188 



INSECTS (INSECTA) AS PARASITES Parasitic Bugs (Hemiptera) Bed-Bug (Cimex 



lectularius], Reduvius, Lice .... jgo, 



Parasitic Flies (Diptera) Gnats, Midges, &c., Forest-Fly (Hippobosca 

 equina), Deer -Fly (Liptoptena cervi\ Swallow -Fly (Stenopteryx 

 hirundinis\ Sheep-" Tick " (Melophagus ovis\ Bee-" Louse " (Braula 

 c&ca\ Nycteribia, Horse-Bot (Gastrophilus equi}, Sheep-Bot (CEstrus 

 oms\ Fleas 190 



Beetles (Coleoptera) as Parasites and Brood-Parasites Parasites of Bees 



and Wasps (Stylopidcz). Oil-Beetles (Sitaris and Meloe] - - - 192 



Parasitic Membrane -winged Insects (Hymenoptera) Ichneumon -Flies 

 (Polynema, Microgaster, Pimpla, Pteromalus, Agriotypus, Rhyssa, 

 Thalessa, Leucospis] - 194 



SPIDER-LIKE ANIMALS (ARACHNIDA) AS PARASITES Ticks and Mites (A carina) 

 Ticks (Ixodes\ Mange- or Itch-Mites (Dermatophagus, Dermatocoptes, Sar- 

 coptes], Hair- Mites (Simonea). Tongue- Worms (Linguatula] - - - - 195 



