CONTENTS xiii 



Page 



DECORATIVE PRODUCTS OF MOLLUSCS (MOLLUSCA) Shell-ornaments. Sea- 

 Snails (Gastropoda}: Shell-cameos (from Cassis^ &c); Pink Pearls of Conch- 

 Shell (Strombus gigas)\ Tyrian Purple from Purpura and Murex, dye obtained 

 from a Sea-Slug (Aplysia camelus). Bivalve Molluscs (Lamellibranchid) : The 

 Pearl-Oyster (Margaritifera vulgarts}, Pearl-Fisheries of Ceylon, British Pearls 

 from Freshwater Mussels, Purple Pearls from Ark-Shells (Area} - 397 



DECORATIVE PRODUCTS OF INSECTS (I NSECTA) Wing-Covers of Beetles, Orna- 

 mental Butterflies, &c., Cochineal Insect (Coccus cacti\ Pupae of Scale- Insects 

 (Coccida} as "ground pearls" 399 



ANIMAL ESTHETICS 

 Biological Foundations of ./Esthetics - 400 



THE SENSE OF SIGHT AND ITS BEARING ON ^ESTHETICS The Relation of the 



Animal World to Human Criteria of Beauty ------- 401 



THE SENSE OF HEARING AND ITS BEARING ON ^ESTHETICS The Song of 



Birds, &c. 402 



THE SENSE OF SMELL AND ITS BEARING ON ESTHETICS Perfumes : Civet 

 from Civet- Cats (Viverra), Musk from Musk-Deer (Moschus moschiferus\ 

 Ambergris from Sperm- Whale (Physeter macrocephalus} - 402 



THE SENSE OF TASTE AND ITS BEARING ON /ESTHETICS Tastes and Flavours 403 



THE EVOLUTION OF ART AND CERTAIN FORMS OF LITERATURE Views of 

 Groos on the Relation between "Play" and Art: (i) Self-Exhibition Court- 

 ships of Birds and Spiders; (2) Imitation Concerted Dances of Birds, the 

 Spur- Winged Lapwing (Hoplopterus cayanus} of South America ; (3) Decora- 

 tion -Nests of Birds, Bower-Birds (Chlamydera, Amblyornis^ and Prionodura}- 403 



ANIMALS AS MATERIAL FOR ART AND LITERATURE Pictures and Sculpture. 

 Decorative Art. Origin of certain Letters of the Alphabet from Animal Forms. 

 Animals in Prose and Verse - 407 



DISTRIBUTION IN SPACE AND TIME 



CHAPTER LXXV.-GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 

 General Nature of the Problems to be Considered 409 



AREAS OF DISTRIBUTION Continental and Oceanic Islands; Land-Bridges; 

 Discontinuous Distribution, Pouched Mammals (Marsupialid}, Lung-Fishes 

 (Dipnoi} 409 



DISPERSAL OF ANIMALS Increase in Size of Areas of Distribution, Checks to 



Migration ----- 412 



ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS OF THE LAND and their Chief Subdivisions - - 412 



FAUNA OF THE PAL^ARCTIC REGION - - 414 



FAUNA OF THE NEARCTIC REGION - - - 418 



FAUNA OF THE ETHIOPIAN REGION 419 



FAUNA OF MADAGASCAR 422 



FAUNA OF ST. HELENA 423 



