xiv CONTENTS 



Page 



FAUNA OF THE ORIENTAL REGION 424 



FAUNA OF THE AUSTRALIAN REGION - - - - 426 



FAUNA OF THE NEOTROPICAL REGION 428 



CHAPTER LXXVI. LIFE IN DIFFERENT SURROUNDINGS- 

 SHALLOW WATER, DEEP WATER, AND SURFACE FAUNAS 

 OF THE SEAS 



Neritic, Abysmal, and Pelagic Zones Benthos, Nekton, and Plankton ... 435 



THE NERITIC ZONE LIFE IN SHALLOW WATER .... 436 



THE ABYSMAL ZONE LIFE IN DEEP WATER 442 



PELAGIC ZONE SURFACE LIFE 448 



CHAPTER LXXVIL DISTRIBUTION IN TIME THE GEOLOGI- 

 CAL RECORD 



Nature and Aims of the Subject 456 



THE GEOLOGICAL RECORD Stratified Rocks, Fossils, Geological Time - - 456 



GEOLOGICAL PERIODS Eozoic, Palaeozoic, Mesozoic, and Kainozoic Epochs - - 457 



LIFE IN THE PALAEOZOIC EPOCH .... ... 458 



LIFE IN THE MESOZOIC EPOCH - 464 



LIFE IN THE KAINOZOIC EPOCH - - 472 



PHILOSOPHIC ZOOLOGY 



CHAPTER LXXVIIL PHILOSOPHIC ZOOLOGY THE THEORY 

 OF EVOLUTION EVOLUTION AS A FACT 



Doctrines of Special Creation and Evolution; History of the Evolutionary Idea; 

 Lamarck, Darwin, and Wallace; Distinction between the Fact of Evolution 

 and the Theory of Evolution 477 



THE ARGUMENT FROM CLASSIFICATION 478 



THE ARGUMENT FROM FORM AND STRUCTURE (MORPHOLOGY) - - - 480 



THE ARGUMENT FROM DEVELOPMENT- - - 482 



THE ARGUMENT FROM THE GEOLOGICAL RECORD 483 



THE ARGUMENT FROM GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 483 



CHAPTER LXXIX. THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION THE 

 ORIGIN OF SPECIES 



The Imperfect State of our Knowledge ; Necessity for Experiment - 484 



NATURAL SELECTION (DARWINISM) 



Line of Argument Adopted - 484 



RAPID INCREASE IN NUMBERS OF ANIMALS - - 485 



VARIATION AND HEREDITY Domesticated Animals - 486 



OBJECTIONS TO THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION Swamping Effects of Intercross- 

 ing; Reversion or Atavism ; Importance of Isolation; Physiological Section - 488 



