viii CONTENTS 



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BENEFICIAL REPTILES (REPTILIA) Lizards: Snakes Corn Snake (Coluber gut- 



tatus\ Rat Snake (Zamenis mucosus) 328 



BENEFICIAL AMPHIBIANS (AMPHIBIA) Frogs and Toads 328 



BENEFICIAL FISHES (PISCES) Scavenging Work : Carp in Reservoirs - - - 329 



BENEFICIAL INSECTS (INSECTA) Enemies of Insect-pests : Destroyers of Carrion 



Burying Beetles, Flies : Fertilization of Plants by Insects - ... 329 



BENEFICIAL SPIDER-LIKE ANIMALS (ARACHNIDA) Spiders .... 329 



BENEFICIAL MYRIAPODS (MYRIAPODA)- Centipedes ... . 329 



BENEFICIAL CRUSTACEANS (CRUSTACEA) Scavenging Work: Crabs - - 329 



BENEFICIAL ANNELIDS (ANNELIDA) Earth-Worms - - - 329 



BENEFICIAL PARASITIC WORMS 330 



CHAPTER LXX. ANIMAL FOES THE PERSONAL ENEMIES 



OF MAN 



ENEMIES AMONG MAMMALS (MAMMALIA) Lion (Fetts leo\ Tiger (F. tigris\ 

 other Felines. Bears Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus\ Brown Bear (U. arctos] 

 and "Grizzly", Sloth- Bear (U. labiatus}. Wolves. Large Herbivorous Forms 

 Hippopotamus, Rhinoceros, Buffalo, Elephant. Wild Boar (Sus scrofa), &c., 

 Peccaries (Dicotyles]. Blood-sucking Bats - - 331 



PERSONAL ENEMIES AMONG REPTILES (REPTILIA) Crocodiles and Alligators. 

 Poisonous Lizards (Heloderma). Non-Poisonous Snakes: Anaconda or Water- 

 Boa (Euneces murinus). Poisonous Snakes: Indian Cobra (Naia tripudians)> 

 Krait (Bungarus casruleus], Australian Death- Adder (Acanthophis antarcticus\ 

 Coral Snake (Elaps corallinus), Sea-Snakes (Hydrophince), African Puff-Adder 

 (Vipera arietans), Russell's Viper (V. Russelli\ Rattle-Snakes (Crotalus) - - 336 



PERSONAL ENEMIES AMONG FISHES (PISCES) Sharks Rondeletian Shark (Car- 

 charodon Rondeletii}. Fishes with Poison-spines. Fishes Poisonous as Food, 

 Globe-Fishes (Dwdon and Tetrodori), Coffer-Fishes (Ostraciori) ... 340 



PERSONAL ENEMIES AMONG MOLLUSCS (MOLLUSCA) Giant Squids and Octopi. 



Cone- Shells - - 340 



PERSONAL ENEMIES AMONG INSECTS (INSECTA) Mosquitoes and Malarial 



Diseases .... 340 



PERSONAL ENEMIES AMONG SPIDER-LIKE ANIMALS (ARACHNIDA) Scorpions, 



Spiders, Itch-Mites - - 341 



PERSONAL ENEMIES AMONG MYRIAPODS (MYRIAPODA) Centipedes - - 341 



PERSONAL ENEMIES AMONG ANNELIDS (ANNELIDA) Leeches - - - 342 



PERSONAL ENEMIES AMONG FLAT-WORMS (PLATYHELMIA) Flukes (Trematoda): 

 Liver- Fluke (Fasaola hepattca}, Bilharzia. Tape- Worms (Cestoda}: Com- 

 mon Tape- Worm (Tania solium\ Beef Tape- Worm (T. saginata), Broad Tape- 

 Worm (Bothriocephalus latus\ Echinococcus Tape- Worm (7! echinococcus) - 342 



PERSONAL ENEMIES AMONG ROUND-WORMS (NEMATHELMIA) Round- Worm 

 (Ascaris lumbricoidts\ Thread-Worm (Oxyuris r uermicularis\ Palisade-Worm 

 (Dochmius duodenalis] of miners' anaemia, Guinea- Worm (Filaria medinensis\ 

 Trichina (Trichina spiralis) 343 



PERSONAL ENEMIES AMONG HEDGEHOG-SKINNED ANIMALS (ECHINODERMATA) 



Sea-Urchins with Poison-Spines 344 



