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THE STURGEON FAMILY (ACIPENSERID^E) Common Sturgeon (Acipenser sturio\ 

 Sterlet (A. ruthenus\ Giant Sturgeon or Hausen (A. huso\ Gulden stadt's Stur- 

 geon (A. Giildenstadti) ; Caviare and Isinglass 277 



SKATES AND RAYS (BATOIDEI) Skate (Raia batis\ Thornback (R. clavatd) - - 278 



ROUND MOUTHS (CYCLOSTOMATA) Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), River 



Lamprey or Lampern (P. fluviatilis] 278 



FISHERIES 



"Wet" Fish and "Shell "-Fish. Statistics of British Fisheries. Scientific investi- 

 gations, and their great importance. Chief lines of work: (i) Statistics, 

 (2) Habits and Life-Histories, (3) Food of Fishes Plankton. Hensen's quanti- 

 tative determinations - - - - 279 



FISH-CULTURE (PISCICULTURE) Antiquity of the Art. Italian Eel-culture. Carp- 

 culture in Germany, c. Artificial Fecundation, Hatching, and Hatcheries. 

 Necessity for Endowment of Scientific Research 284 



MOLLUSCS (MOLLUSCA) AS FOOD 



THE OYSTER (Ostrea}" Flat", Portuguese, and American Oysters (Ostrea edulis, 

 O.angulata, and O. Virginiand). Oyster-Culture History and Methods of the 

 Industry as practised in France. English Oyster-Industry Whitstable Fishery 288 



THE EDIBLE MUSSEL (Mytilus edulis) Mussel-culture in Scotland, Germany, and 



France (bouchot system) - .... 294 



THE COCKLE (Cardium edule) - - - 296 



THE PERIWINKLE (Littorina littorea} - .... 297 



CRUSTACEANS (CRUSTACEA) AS FOOD 



THE LOBSTER (Homarus vulgaris} and American Lobster (ff. Americanus). 



Lobster-hatching in Norway, Scotland, and North America - 297 



SHRIMPS AND PRAWNS Common Shrimp (Crangon vulgaris\ Prawns (Palawan 



serratus, &c.) ... 299 



THE FRESHWATER CRAYFISH (Astacus fluviatilis) and Noble Crayfish (A. nobilis) 300 



CHAPTER LXIX. ANIMAL FRIENDS WILD ANIMALS CAPTURED 

 FOR VARIOUS ECONOMIC PURPOSES BENEFICIALS 



Nature of the Economic Products, other than Food, obtained from Wild Animals - 301 



FUR-BEARING MAMMALS (MAMMALIA) 

 Use of Skins and Furs as Garments. Clothing of the Ostiaks .... 301 



FUR-YIELDING FLESH-EATERS (CARNIVORA) Weasel and Marten Family (Mus- 

 telida)\ Russian Sable (Mustela zibellind); American Sable (M. Americana)-, 

 Stoat (Putorius erminea\ the Source of "Ermine"; American Mink (P. mson}\ 

 Russian Mink (P. lutreold)\ Sea-Otter (Latax lutris) - - - - - 303 



Seal-Lions or Eared Seals (Otaridtz): Northern Fur-Seal (Otaria ursina), 

 Sealing Industry of the Bearing Sea and Pribyloff Islands .... 304 



FUR-YIELDING GNAWERS (RCDENTI A) American Beaver (Castor Canadensis\ 

 European Beaver (C. fiber), Musquash (Fiber zibethicus\ Chinchilla (Chinchilla 

 lanigera\ Common Squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris\ Rabbit (Lepus cuniculus) - 307 



