GLOSSARY 



Abomasurn, in the stomach of Ruminants, the 

 fourth compartment (chemical stomach). 



Abysmal zone (Gk. abysstis, very deep), the 

 deepest part of the sea. 



Accommodation, adjustment of the individual 

 to its surrounding's. 



Acetabulum (L. for vinegar cup), the socket 

 in the hip into which the thigh-bone fits. 



Acquired character, a character acquired by 

 an individual in relation to its surroundings. 



Adaptation, the adjustment of species to their 

 surroundings. 



Adductor muscles (L. adduco, I lead to), 

 muscles which by their contraction close the 

 shells of Bivalve Molluscs, Lamp-Shells, and 

 Mussel-Shrimps. 



Adipose fin, the small, fatty second dorsal fin 

 of members of the Salmon Family. 



^Esthetic or Esthetics (Gk. aisthetiktis, sen- 

 sitive), the philosophy of the beautiful. 



Afferent branchial vessels (L. aff&ro, I carry 

 to ; Gk. branchia, gills), blood-vessels which 

 carry impure blood to gills to be purified. 



Afferent nerve-fibre (L. affSro^ I carry to), 

 a nerve -fibre in which the impulse travels 

 towards the central organs. 



Air-bladder. See Swim-bladder. 



Ala spuria. See Bastard-iving. 



Albinism (L. albus, white or pale), exceptional 

 whiteness or paleness in hue of some mem- 

 bers of a species. 



Albino, an individual exhibiting 1 albinism. 



Albumen, or Albumin, the complex albumi- 

 noid (which see) of which the white of an 

 egg is made up. 



Albuminoids, complex compounds, chiefly 

 made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, 

 sulphur, and (in some cases) phosphorus. 



Alima, pi. -ae, in Mantis-Shrimps, an attenu- 

 ated kind of larva. 



Ambergris, concretions formed in the intestine 

 of the sperm-whale. Used in perfumery. 



Ambulacral, relating to an ambulacrum; Am- 

 bulacral area, a band or zone bearing tube- 

 feet ; Ambulacral ossicle, one of the cal- 

 careous plates roofing an ambulacrum. 



Ambulacrum, pi. -a (L. for pleasure grove), 

 in Star-Fishes, one of the grooves in which 

 the tube-feet are lodged. 



495 



Ammocaetes, the larva of a Lamprey. 



Amoeboid movement, irregular flowing or 

 creeping- movements, performed by naked 

 masses of protoplasm, e.g. in the Proteus 

 Animalcule (Amoeba). 



Amphibious (Gk. amphi, both ways; bitis, 

 life): (i) able to breathe both ordinary air 

 and air dissolved in water; (2) breathing 

 dissolved air during the early part of life 

 and ordinary air afterwards. 



Ampulla (L. ampulla, a flask): (i) in the internal 

 ear of Vertebrates, the swollen part of a 

 semicircular canal; (2) in Echinoderms, a 

 small sac connected with a tube-foot. 



Anabolic, relating to anabolism. 



Anabolism (Gk. anabtile, an ascent), the up- 

 building chemical processes that take place 

 within the body. 



Analogous, displaying analogy. 



Analogy (Gk. analtfgtis, in agreement with), 

 applied to parts which do the same physio- 

 logical work irrespective of relative position 

 and mode of development. See also Hom- 

 ology. 



Anatomy (Gk. anatome, dissection), the study 

 of structure. 



Anbury, in turnips, a disease due to the pres- 

 ence of a fungus-animal (Plasmodiophora 

 brassicce}. 



Antenna (L. for yard-arm): (i) one of the feelers 

 of an Insect, or Myriapod; (2) one of the 

 second feelers of a Crustacean ; (3) one of 

 the head-feelers of a Bristle-Worm. 



Antennary gland, in higher Crustaceans, one 

 of a pair of excretory organs by which nitro- 

 genous waste is removed from the body. 

 They open at the bases of the antennae. 



Antennule, in Crustaceans, one of the small 

 first pair of feelers. 



Anthrax, in cattle, &c., a bacterial disease, 

 often set up by insect bites. 



Anthropoid (Gk. anthroptis, man; eidtis, ap- 

 pearance), man-like. 



Anti-toxin (Gk. anti, against; L. toxicum> 

 poison), a complex organic substance (defen- 

 sive proteid) conferring immunity against 

 disease-germs. 



Antler, in Deer, a bony outgrowth from the 

 skull, which is shed annually. 



