502 



GLOSSARY 



the down-breaking chemical processes that 



take place within the body. 

 Knee, in fore-limb of Horse, &c., the wrist. 

 Kungu cake, an edible substance prepared on 



the shores of Lake Nyassa, by collecting- and 



compressing- the aquatic larvae of Insects. 



Labellum (L. for little lip), the larg-e lower 

 petal of an Orchid. 



Labium (L. for a lip), the lower lip of an In- 

 sect, formed by the more or less complete 

 fusion of the third jaws (second maxillae). 



Labrum (L. for lip), the upper lip of an 

 Arthropod. 



Laceration, in Sea -Anemones, production of 

 new individuals by the separation of small 

 fragments of the base. 



Lacinia (L. for a small part), in Insects, the 

 inner branch of the second or third jaw. 



Lacteals (L. lac, milk), the lymphatics of the 

 intestine, so called on account of the milky 

 appearance of their contents (digested fat) 

 after a meal. 



Lagena (L. for earthen jar), a curved tubular 

 part of the membranous labyrinth in Birds, 

 &c., equivalent to the Cochlea (which see) 

 of Mammals. 



Land-bridge, a submerged area that once 

 united two tracts of land now separated by 

 the sea. 



Larva, pi. -ae (L. larva, a kind of actor's 

 mask), in many life-histories, an early free- 

 living- stag-e (e.g. a Tadpole or a Caterpillar) 

 which is more or less unlike the adult. 



Larynx (the Greek name), the voice-box. 



Licked beef, diseased flesh in the neighbour- 

 hood of Warbles (which see). 



Ligament : (i) a fibrous band running between 

 two skeletal elements; (2) an elastic band 

 (external ligament) or pad (internal liga- 

 ment) by which the shell of a Bivalve Mollusc 

 is opened. 



Limb -gill, in Crustaceans, a gill attached to 

 a limb. 



Littoral (L. litus, littoris, a shore), belonging- 

 to the shore. 



Liver-rot, in Sheep, &c., a disease caused by 

 the presence of Liver-Flukes. 



Lophophore (Gk. Ibphbs, tuft or crest; phero, 

 I bear), in Moss-Polypes, the crown of ten- 

 tacles. 



Louping-ill, in Sheep, a bacterial disease 

 caused by the attacks of Ticks. 



Lung-books, in Scorpions and Spiders, breath- 

 ing organs consisting of depressions into 

 which numerous leaf-like folds project. 



Luring, the attraction of farm-pests from the 

 plants they attack. 



Lymph, clear fluid containing- colourless cor- 

 puscles. 



Lymphatic glands, swellings in the course of 

 lymphatics, in which new colourless cor- 

 puscles are developed. 



Lymph-system, a series of spaces and tubes 

 containing Lymph (which see). 



Macronucleus (Gk. makrtis, large), in Ani- 

 malcules, the large nucleus. 



Madreporite, in Echinoderms, a perforated 

 calcareous plate, through which fluid enters 

 the water-vascular system. 



Maggot, in Insects, a limbless worm -shaped 

 larva. 



Malpighian tubes, in Insects, excretory tubes 

 opening into the hinder part of the gut. 



Mandible: (i) in Vertebrates, the lower jaw; 



(2) in Arthropods, one of the first pair of 

 jaws. 



Manna, a sweet substance (honey-dew) secreted 

 by a species of Scale-insect. 



Mantle, in Molluscs and Lamp-Shells, a flap 

 of the body-wall, on the outer side of which 

 shell-substance is formed. 



Mantle-cavity, in Molluscs and Lamp-shells, 

 a space between the body and Mantle (which 

 see). It contains the gill or gills (in aquatic 

 Molluscs), and the intestine, excretory organs, 

 &c., usually open into it. 



Manyplies. See Omasum. 



Masking, inconspicuousness produced by a 

 covering of foreign objects, e.g. stones and 

 bits of sea-weed. 



Mastax (Gk. for the mouth), the gizzard-like 

 pharynx of Rotifers. 



Maxilla, pi. -ae (L. maxilla, a jaw): (i) in Ver- 

 tebrates, a bone of the jaw; (2) in Arthro- 

 pods, one of the second or third pair of 

 jaws. 



Medusa, in Jelly- Fishes, the egg- producing- 

 stage, which is usually free-swimming. 



Megalopa, pi. -ae (Gk. megaltiptius, having 

 large feet), in Crabs, the larval stage si c- 

 ceeding the Zoaea. The legs are well-de- 

 veloped and the tail large. 



Melanic, exhibiting melanism. 



Melanism (Gk. mVlas, -an&s, dark), excep- 

 tional darkness in hue of some members of 

 a species. 



Membranous labyrinth, in Vertebrates, the 

 complex bag constituting" the essential part 

 of the internal ear. 



Mentum (L. for the chin), the part of an 

 Insect's lower lip that succeeds the Sub- 

 mentum (which see). 



Mesentery (Gk. mese'nte'ritin, same meaning 

 as (i) ): (i) in Vertebrates, a membrane by 

 which the digestive tube is held in place ; (2) 

 in Bristle-Worms, one of the transverse par- 

 titions marking off the segments internally ; 



(3) in Sea-Anemones, &c., one of the par- 

 titions connecting- the gullet with the body- 

 wall. 



Mesoderm (Gk. m&sos, middle ; derma, a skin), 

 the middle cellular layer of the body. 



Mesoglcea (Gk. m#stis t middle; gMos, a jelly- 

 like substance), in Zoophytes, the middle 

 often jelly-like layer of the body. 



Mesotarsal, in the middle of the tarsus, e.g. 

 a Bird's ankle-joint. 



Mesozoic epoch (Gk. mesos, middle; zoe, life), 

 the latest geological era but one. 



