526 



INDEX 



Eophrynus, iv 462 (illust.). 

 Eozoic epoch, iv 457-458. 

 Epeira diadema, i 390-392; ii 127- 



129; iii 276; iv 44. 



Ephelota gemmipara, iii 320 



Ephemera danica, i 376. [(illust.). 



vulgata, i 376; ii 465. 



Ephemeridae, i 376-377; ii 115-116, 

 Ephippium, iii 363. [465-466. 



Ephyrse, i 482; iii 352 (illust.). 

 Epicrium glutinosum, i 256. 



Epidermis (see also Skin), i 25, 63- 



64; iv 25. 



Epigenesis, doctrine of, iii 336. 

 Epiglottis, i 46; ii 429. 



Epinephelus hexagonatus, iv 437 , 

 Epipodium, i 324- [438. 



Epipods, ii 401, 403-404. 

 Epipubic bones, i 69; iii 478. 

 Epistylis, iv 99-100 (illust.). 

 Epithelium, i 468, 469-470 (illust.) ; 

 Equus, i 106. [iii 344. 



Africanus or tseniopus, i 107 ; iv 



asinus, iv 238-239. [239. 



Burchelli, i 107; iv 235. 



caballus, i 107; ii 165-167; iii 132, 

 134, 140-147; iv 233-238, 366. 



onager, i 107. 



Przewalskii, iv 234. 



tarpan, i 107. 



Erethizon dorsatus, i 132; iii 253. 

 Eretmophorus, iv 28-29 (illust.). 

 Erinaceus Europseus, ii 32-33, 342 ; 



iii 484. 



Eriocampa limacina, iv 35 6. 

 Eriodes arachnoides, i 77. 

 Eristalis tenax, ii 119, 216, 314, 



441, 442. 



Erithacus rubecula, i 160. 

 Ermine, i 98; ii 22 (illust.), 290; iv 

 Errantia, i 429. [303. 



Erycina, iii 108 (illust.). 

 Erythrinus, ii 452. 

 Eschricht, ii 27. [ 3 8i. 



ESOX lUCiUS, i 282 ; ii 84 ; iv 348, 380, 



Esquimaux, iv 210, 213, 227-228, 



233- [423- 



Ethiopian region, iv 413, 414, 419- 



Eucyrtidium, i 4*9 (illust.); iii 6 



(illust.). [465. 



Eudromias morinellus, i 169; iii 

 Eudyptes, iii 186. 

 Eudyptula minor, i 186. 

 Euglena viridis, i 489 (illust.), 494; 



ii 267, 272; iii 6, 88-89; i y 4 (illust.). 



Euglossa, ii 206. 

 Eumeces Schneideri, ii 77- 

 Eumenes arbustorum, iii 392 

 Eumenidse, Hi 392-393- [(illust.). 

 Euneces murinus, i 232; ii 79; iii 



53; iv 338-339. 

 Euphorbia, iv 80. 

 Euplectella, i 486; iv 44 6. 



EuplOtes, iii 88 (illust.). 



Eurypterida, iv 461-462 (illust.). 

 Euscorpius Europseus, i 387. 



Euspongia officinalis, i 486, 487; iii 



zimocca, iv 324. [326; iv 324. 



Eustachian tube, i 57, 263. 

 Eustrongylus gigas, iv 362. 

 Eutheria, i 68; and see Mammals. 



Euthyneura, i 317, 324-328. 



Evans, A. H., ii 241, 266; iii 466. 

 Everitt, Nicholas, iv 376. 



Evolution: 



of aesthetics, iv 403-407. 



of air-sacs, ii 439. 



Evolution (Cont.) 



of birds, iii 185. [20-23 (illust.). 



of brain and nervous system, iv 6, 



of crustaceans, iii 364-365. 



of ear, iv 38-39. 



of gill-clefts, iii 381-382. 



of gill-pouches, iii 382. 



of human civilization, iv 208. 



of insects, iii 274. [452-453. 



of lungs, i 47, 264, 269 ; ii 421-422, 



of mammals, iii 143, 154, 158, 200, 

 474-475, 481; iv 471, 472-473. 



of metazoa, iii 333-334.' 



of parachutes, iii 281, 284, 286. 



.of sight organs, iv 40-41, 46-47 



of teeth, i 12-13. [(iliust.). 



of wings of insects, iii 314-315. 



Evolution theory, i 12-17; iv 477-494. 



argument from classification, iv 478- 



development, iv 482. [480. 



fiprm and structure, iv 480-482. 



geographical distribution, iv 



483- 

 geological record, iv 483. 



heredity, iv 492-494. 



natural selection, iv 484-489. 



supplementary factors, iv 489-491. 



variation, iv 491-492. [241. 

 Ewart, Cossar, iii 142; iv 235, 240, 

 Excretory organs: 



amphibians, i 238, 251. 



animalcules, i 491, 492, 493. 



annelids, i 425, 428. 



ascidians, iv 106. 



birds, i 140. 



crustaceans, i 408, 416, 422. 



echinoderms, i 453, 456, 458, 459, 

 460, 463. 



fishes, i 258, 261, 272, 284. 



flat-worms, i 442. 



insects, i 349. 



lamp-shells, i 440. 



mammals, i 43-45, 47-48. 



molluscs, i 308, 310, 331, 333. 



moss-polypes, i 438. 



nemertines, i 305. 



peripatus, i 401. 



reptiles, i 199-200, 208, 215, 227. 



siphon-worms, i 433, 434. 



thread-worms, i 448. 



wheel-animalcules, i 435. 



Excretory pores of Sea-Flowers 



(Anthozoa), i 474. [i 331. 



Exhalent aperture, of molluscs, 



EXOC03tUS, i 275-276 ; iii 288. 



volitans, i 276. 

 EXQSkeleton, i 25; and see Shell, 



Carapace, Scales, &c. 



amphibians, i 255 ; iii 214. 



birds, i 141-143. 



crustaceans, i 406. [iii 95, 97. 



echinoderms, i 452, 456, 460, 464 ; 



fishes, i 258-259, 266-269. 



insects, i 346. 



mammals, i 25, 63-65. 



reptiles, i 192-193, 205, 213-214. 



spider-like animals (arachnids), i 

 385-386. 



Extensor muscles, i 408; and see 



Muscular system. 

 Eye camera, iv 44-46, 47-48. 



compound, i 346; iv 43-44 (illust.). 



pineal, iv 47 (illust.), 48. 



Eyeball, i 57-58 (illust.), 263 

 Eye-cups, iv 41 (illust.), 42. 



Eyelid, third, i 140, 151, 205; iii 74; 

 iv 481. 



Eyelids, i 57, 225, 226, 228. 



Eyes. See Sight, organs of. 

 Eye-Spots, i 435, 480; iii 359, 3 6 O ; 

 iv 40, 41, 42, 46. 



Fabre, ii 210; iii 3 8 7 , 392; iv 53 , 54 , 



108, 192, 195. 

 Face, i 28-29, 73, 74, 75- 

 FalCO Eesalon, i 174. 



peregrinus, i 174. 



subbuteo, i 174. 



tinnunculus, i 174. 



vespertinus, i 174. 



FalCOn, peregrine, i 173 (illust.), 174. 



red-footed, i 174. 



FalCOnS, i 173-174; ii 46 (illust.); iii 

 305, 306 (illust.) ; iv 61. 



False gill, i 263, 270; ii 3 86. [132. 

 False Scorpions, i 3 8 7 , 388-389; ii 

 False Spiders, i 387-388; iii 169. 

 " False- Wireworms", ii 219; iii 225. 



Fane, Lady Augusta, iv 365. 



Fasciola hepatica, i 443-445; iv 202, 



FatS, i 33, 37-38. [360, 361. 



Feathers, i 142-143 (illust.), 147, i S4> 



186, 188; iii 297-298, 301; iv 248-249, 

 - "powder-down", i 178-179. [251. 



"rowing", iii 296, 301. 



"steering", iii 296, 301. 



Feather-Stars, 1454,460,461 (illust.); 



ii 413, 414-415, 264-265; iii 8, 23 

 (illust.), 278 (illust.), 279, 328; iv 199, 



Feather tracts, i 142. [482. 



Fecundity, ii 345-347 ; iii 362, 425, 



436, 482-483; iv 193, 194, 202, 486. 



Feeding habits. See Food. 



Feet (see also Appendages and 

 Digits): 



amphibians, iii 46, 48, 49. 



arachnids, iii 276. 



birds, i 161, 163, 164, 166, 178, 184; 

 iii 58 (illust.), 59, 61 (illust.), 62, 65 

 (illust.), 66, 127-128 (illust.), 261, 263, 

 (illust.), 264, 265-266. 



insects, iii 222-223, 273-276 (illust.); 

 iv 254 (illust.). 



mammals, i 24, 32; iii 71-72, 73, 74, 

 75, 76, 77, 79, 81, 155 (illust.), 158 

 (illust.), 233, 234, 238, 242 (illust.), 

 243-244, 248, 249, 253, 258, 259, 260. 



reptiles, iii 50, 268-270 (illust.). 

 Felidse. See Cats proper. 

 FellS caffra, iv 222. 



cattus, i 88 ; iv 222-223, 384. 



concolor, i 88 ; ii 9. [384, 386. 



domesticus, iii 157, 158 ; iv 222-223, 



leo, i 87; ii 9; iv 331, 369-371. 



leopardus, i 87-88. 



maniculata, i 88; iv. 222, 223. 



onca, i 88. 



pajeros, i 88. 



panthera, i 87-88. 



pardalis, iv 429. 



tigris, i 87; ii 7-9; iv 331-333, 371- 



viverrina, ii 9; iii 75-76. [372- 

 Femur, amphibia, i 241, 252; iii 183. 



birds, i 144. 



insects, i 344; iii 163, 176. 



mammals, i 31-32. 



reptiles, i 197-198. 



Fenestra ovalis, i 57. 



Fennec, i 93 (illust. 1, 94: ii 19, 279. 



Fern-Owl. See Night-jar. 



