534 



INDEX 



Life-histories ( Con t. ) 



birds, iii 448-474. [196-199. 



crustaceans, iii 27-28, 362-369; iv 



echinoderms, i 450, 461; iii 328-329; 



354-357- _ 



fishes, iii 422-434; iv 282-283. 



flat -worms, flukes, i 444-445; iv 

 200-203. 



planarian worms, iii 329. 



tape-worms, i 442-443 ; iv 203- 



205, 342-343. 



insects, membrane -winged, i 371, 

 372; ii 203; iii 386-393; iv 108-120, 

 i94~ 1 95, 256. 



net-winged, i 374, 376, 377, 378- 



379; ii 464, 466-467; iii 383-386; iv 

 121-126. [377-38p- 



straight-winged, i 350, 380; iii 



wingless, iii 377. [iv 192-194. 



beetles, i 367; ii 211; iii 393-399; 



bugs, i 353 ; ii 217 ; iii 225, 380- 



383; iv 380-381. 



flies, two-winged, i 356-357 ; ii 



467-468; iii 402-404; iv 72, 191. 



moths and butterflies, i 359-360, 



361, 362, 3 6 3. 364. 3 6 5; "i 309-4 02 ; 



king-crabs, iii 369. [iv 72, 259. 



lancelet, iii 342, 344~345- 



mammals, iii 474-494. 



molluscs, i 323-324; iii 404-419. 



moss-polypes, i 436; iii 330-331. 



myriapods, iii 370-373. 



nemertines, iii 419. 



peripatus, iii 370. 



reptiles, iii 443-448- 



sponges, iii 325-326, 341-342, 343. 



thread-worms, i 448, 449; iv 205-206, 



343-344- 



zoophytes, i 478-480, 482 ; iii 327- 

 328, 339-341, 349-353: ^ 101-104. 



Ligaments, i 330; iii 141-142, 299, 

 Ligia oceanica, ii 143. [301, 3 2 - 

 Ligula, ii 205, 206. See also Mouth- 

 parts of insects. 



Ligurinus chloris, i 156; ii 187. 

 Lima, iii 36-37, 408. 

 Limacina, iv 45 r. 

 Limax, iii 414. 



' agrestis, i 328; ii 247; iv 348. 



maximus, ii 199, 201. 

 Limb-gills, ii 400-402. See also 



Gills. 



Limbs (see also Appendages, Legs, 

 Digits, &c.): 



amphibians, i 22-23, 250-253 (illust.); 

 iii 48-50, 117-119, 120-121, 182-183 

 (illust.), 212-214, 272. 



birds, i 140-141; iii 58, 59, 61-62, 

 65-67, 125-132, 261-267, 295-304. 



fish, i 23. 



mammals, i 24, 29-32, 61, 66-67, 91, 

 98, 100, IOT, 102; ii 25-26, 182; iii 

 70-86, 132-144, 147-162, 186-198, 

 201-207, 233-260, 292-294. 



reptiles, i 196-199, 207, 213, 215, 

 216, 228, 232; iii 50-51, 53-56, 122- 

 124, 208, 209, 211, 267-270. 



vertebrates, i6i; iii 117-120 (illust.). 



evolution of, iii 117-121. 



modification of, i 61, 66-67, 70, 100, 

 104, 127, 140. 



Limenitis misippus, ii 312. 



sibylla, ii 312. 



Limicolse, i 152, 168-169. 



Limnsea stagnalis, i 328; ii 434; iii 

 34, 104, 106, 414; iv 18. 



truncatula, i 444; iv 360, 361. 



Limnobates stagnorum, i 354; ii 



123-124. 

 LimnopMlus rhombicus, i 375 



(illust.). 



Limnoria lignorum, ii 222; iii 225- 

 226. 



Limosa belgica, i 169; ii 66. 



lapponica, i 169. 

 Limpet, bonnet-, iii 413. 



common, i 323; ii 197-199 (illust.), 

 336-337, 395-396, 432-433; i" 104, 

 272, 412, 415 (illust.), 416-417 (illust.); 

 iv 35, 42-43, 57-58 (illust.). 



John Knox's, i 323 ; ii 395-396 (illust. ). 



keyhole, i 323; ii 394. 



Limpets, i 323-324; ii 196, 197-199; 



Hi 416-417. 



LimulUS, i 422-423 (illust.); ii 144-145, 

 406-407; iii 369. 



polyphemus, iii 369 (illust.). 



Linaria cannabina, ii 187; iii 470. 



Lincecum, ii 208. 



Linckia multiflora, iii 329 (illust.). 



Linckiidse, iii 328, 329 (illust.). 



Line-Fishing, iv 261-262. 



Linens marinus, i 305. 



Ling, iv 267-268. 



Linguatulidse, i 387, 393; iv 196. 



Lingulella, iv 4 6o. 



Liunsea borealis, iv 97 (illust.). 



Linnaeus, i 9-10, 351; ii 346. 



Linn6, Karl von. See Linnaeus. 

 Linnet, i 156; ii 187; iii 470 (illust.). 

 Lion, i 87; ii 5, 7, 9; iii 491; iv 98, 

 145, 213, 33i, 369-371 (illust.). 



Liopelma, iv 428. 

 Lipoptena cervi, iv 190. 

 Lips, of arthropods, &c. See Mouth- 

 parts. [173. 



of mammals, i 34, 69, 103, 120; ii 



Lithinus nigrocristatus, ii 287 



(illust.). 



Lithobius forficatus, i 394; ii 132- 

 133; iii 165, 371-372- 



Lithocolletis corylella, i 365- 

 Lithodes maia, ii 338. 



LithOdoniUS, iii 411. [iv 297. 



Littorina littorea, i 318; ii 196, 460; 



obtusata, i 320. 



rudis, i 320; ii 460. 



Littorinidse, ii 459-460. See also 



Littorina. 



Liver, i 37, 48. 

 "Liver" tubes, i 348. 

 Liverworts, iv 75 (illust.). 

 Livingstone, iv 215. 



Lizard [and see Lizards) : 



black-lipped tree-, i 222. 



bronze-, ii 77 (illust.). 

 three-toed, i 225. 



capuchin, i 223. 



common, i 225. 



cylinder, ii 77 (illust.). 



European snake-eyed, i 225 (illust). 



eyed, iii 445-4f6. 



frilled, i 222; iii 123-124 (illust.). 



Galapagos land-, ii 192. 



Galapagos sea-, i 222-223; ii 192; iii 

 51, 52 (illust.). 



green, i 225; iv 391. [(illust.). 



sand, i 191-203; ii 281; iii 122-123 

 Spanish, iii 446. 



stump-tailed, i 226 (illust.); ii 76. 



viviparous, iii 446. 



wall, i 225; iii 267-268. 

 Lizards (see also Iguanas, Monitors, 



&c.), i 199, 203, 221-227; ii 73-76, 



Lizards (Cont.} 

 192, 281-282, 329, 333-334, 344-345, 



370-37 i, 424, 425; Hi 51-53, in, 



122-124, 184-185, 207-210, 267-270, 



286-287, 33 2 , 445-446; iv 151, 152, 



agamoid, i 221, 222. [328. 



burrowing, i 225. See also Skiuks. 



common, i 221, 225. 



flying, i 222; iii 287. 



scale-footed, i 221, 222. 



snake-, i 221, 223-224; ii 76. 



reversible, ii 76; iii 209-210 



(illust.). [282. 



thorny-tailed, i 222; ii 77 (illust.), 



Tunisian, ii 77 (illust.). 



venomous, i 221, 224-225; ii 354- 

 355 (illust.); iv 338. [232. 



Llamas, i 120, 122 (illust.); iv 231- 



Lloyd Morgan, i 7; ii 74 , 343 ; iv 49 , 



5o, 53, 56, 59, !56, 186, 401, 492, 494. 

 Loach, common, i 283; ii 450. 



spring, ii 450. 



Lobelia cardinalis, iv 89. 



Lobster, American, iv 297. 



common, i 302-304, 342, 402-409 

 (illust.); ii 135-137, 400-402 (illust.); 

 iii 169, 277-278 (illust.); iv 297-299 



Norway, i 412. [(illust. ). 



rock-, i 410, 412 (illust.); ii 137, 279, 

 338; iii 368; iv 37. [43. 



Lobsters, iii 27, 332, 365; iv 35-36, 



Lob-WOrm, common, ii 257 ; iv 34 



"Local death", i 43-44. [(illust.). 



LOCUSt, migratory, i 382; ii 213; iv 

 356-357 (illust.). 



red-legged, iii 379 (illust.). 

 LoCUStS, i 381-382; ii 213, 439; iii 379; 



iv 3 l8 , 356-358- [177- 



Locusta viridissima, i 383; iii 176- 

 Locustella naevia, i 160. 



LoCUStidse. See Grasshoppers, green. 



Locust -shrimps, i 410, 413-414 



(illust.). 

 "Lodge", of beaver, iv 139-140. 



Logger-head, iii 59-60. 



Loir. See Dormouse, fat. 



Loligo vulgaris, i 314; ii 94, 392; 



Long, Francis, ii 19. [iii 417-418. 



"Longicorns", Hi 273. 



Lonicera alpigena, iv 94. 



Etrusca, iv 87, 88. 



Looping movements, i 364, 432, 



467; iii 99, 102-103, IO 7- 



Lophius piscatorius, i 274; ii 84- 



85; Hi 115. 



Lophobranchii, i 273, 276-277. 

 Lophohelia, iv 446. 

 Lophophore, ii 261. 

 Lophopus crystallinus, i 438; ii 



261; iii 100, 331. 



Lories, H 191. 



Loriquets, ii 191. [(illust). 



LoriS, common, ii 320; iii 241, 242 



gracilis. See Slender. 



slender, iii 241 (illust.), 242. 



Lota vulgaris, i 279. 

 Love-Birds, i 166; iv 390-391. 

 Lower jaw-bone, i 28, 108. See 

 also Jaws. [188. 



Loxia curvirostra, i 156; ii 187- 



LubbOCk, Sir John. See Avebury, 

 Lord. 



Lucanus cervus, i 368. 

 Lucernaria, i 482. 

 Luciola, iv 165-166. 



Lugard, Captain, iv 240. [iii 226. 



LugWOrm, i 430 (illust.) ; ii 408-409; 



