542 



INDEX 



Phalangers (Cmt.) 



flying, iii 284-286. 



squirrel, iii 284-285. 



Phalanges, sing. Phalanx (and 



see Digits): 



birds, i 146. 



mammals, i 31, 32; iii 84. 



reptiles, i 198. 



Phalangistidse, ii 180-182. 

 Phalangium opilio, i 390. 



Phalarope, grey, i 169 (illust.), 170; 



red-necked, i 169. [iii 127-128. 

 PhalarOpUS fulicarius, i 169; iii 127, 



hyperboreus, i 169. [128. 



Phallusia mammillata, i 296 



(illust. }. 



Phallus impudicus, iv 98. 

 Pharyngeal bones, lower, i 276. 



Pharynx, annelids, i 427, 429, 430. 



ascidians, i 297, 298 ; ii 245, 246, 

 389-390. 



flat-worms, i 445, 446; ii 151, 152. 



lancelet, ii 389, 390. 



mammals, i 34-35. 



molluscs, i 308. 



nemertines, ii 391. 



wheel-animalcules, i 435. 



Phascolarctos cinereus, ii 180, 



181; iii 259-260, 479. 



Phascolomyidse, ii 183; iii 4 8o. 



PhaSCOlomyS. See Phascolomyidse. 



Phasianella, iii 106. 



Phasianus Colchicus, i 172; ii 239. 



Phasmidse, ii 359: "i 378-379- 



Pheasant, Amherst's, iv 148. 



Argus, iv 148. 



common, i 172. 



gold, i 172; iv 148. 



silver, i 172. 



Pheasants, i 172; ii 239; iii 300 (fllust.). 

 Pheasant-Shells, iii 106. 

 Phelsuma Andamanense, iii 268. 

 Phenacodus, iv 472, 473 (illust.). 

 Phengodes Hieronymi, iv 165. 

 Phidippus morsitans, iv 168. 

 Philaenus spumarius, ii 217. 

 Philemon Timorlaoensis, ii 310- 

 Philepitta, iv 423. [311- 



Philhetserus socius, iii 463- 

 Philine aperta, i 324; ii 100. 

 Philodina roseola, i 435; ii 262; 



iii zoo. [iv 477. 



Philosophical Zoology, i 16-17, 19; 



PhOCa Caspica, iv 313. 



Greenlandica, i 99; iv 312, 313. 



Sibirica, iv 313. 



vitulina, i 99. [26-27. 



Phocaena communis, i 100-101; ii 



PhOCidSB. See Seals, true. 



Phcenicopterus roseus, iii 460, 461; 



iv 377) 37 8 - 



Pholadidea, iii 410. 

 Pholas dactylus, i 335, 336; iii 221, 

 Phoraspis, ii 315. [409-410. 



Phormosoma luculenta, iii 94-95- 



Phryganea grandis, i 375 (illust.). 



striata, iii 385 (illust.), 386. 

 Phryganeidse. See Caddis-Flies. 



Phrynosoma cornutum, i 223; iv 

 Phrynus, i 389; iii 169. [392. 



Phyllirhoe, i 326; iii 36. 

 Phyllomedusa Jheringi, iii 437. 

 Phyllopertha horticola, i 368. 

 Phyllopoda, i 410, 421-422; ii 255- 



256, 405; iii 362-363. 



gill-footed, i 421-422. 



Phyllopteryx eques, ii 296; iv 75 . 



PhyllOSCOpUS rufus, i 160; iii 185. 



sibilatrix, i 160. 



trochilus, i 160. [ii 39, 40. 



Phyllostoma spectrum, i 82-83; 

 Phyllostomata, i 82-83. 

 PhyUoxera vastatrix, i 353; ii 217; 

 Phylogeny, iii 335. [iv 350. 



Physalia, ii 161-162; ^344. 

 Physeter macrocephalus, ii 29; 



PhysiCS, i 4, 17- [iv 316, 317. 



Physignathus Lesueuri, iii 53. 

 Physiological selection, iv 489. 



Physiology, standpoint of, i 13. 



Physophora hydrostatica, ii 161, 



162 (illust.). 



Physostomi, i 273, 280-284 

 Phytophthora infestans, iv 76. 



Phytoptus ribis, iv 360. 



vitis, ii 218. 



Picarise, i 152, 161-165. 

 Picarian Birds, i 152, 161-165. 

 Pica rustica, i 153. 

 Picidse, iii 264-265. 

 Picucules, iii 463-464 



PiCUletS, iii 264. 410 (illust.). 



PiddOCkS, i 335 (illust.) ; iii 221, 409- 

 Pieridse, i 361-362; ii 312; and see 



Pieris. 

 PieriS brassicae, i 362; ii 214; iii 309- 



400; iv 161, 162, 194, 352. 



napi, i 362; iv 352. 



rapse, i 362; iv 352. 



Pigeon, blue rock, i 139-152, 167; ii 

 186; iv 250-251, 487 (illust.). 



crowned, i 167 (illust.); ii 185. 



nutmeg-, i 186. [(illust.). 



wood-, i 167 ; ii 185, 286 ; iii 458 

 Pigeons, i 139-152 (illust.); ii 184, 185- 



186; iii 286 (illust.), 304, 305 (illust.), 

 470-471; iv 250-251, 487 (illust.). 



"fruit"-, ii 185-186. 



ground-, ii 185. 



tree-, ii 185-186. 



"Pigeon's milk", i 151; iii 470-471- 



PigS, i 67, 105, 108-109; ii 231-234, 

 351; iii 487, 488-489; iv 98, 204, 206, 

 232-233. 



Pika, Siberian, i 125 (illust.). 



Pikas, i 125 ; and see Calling-Hares. 



Pike, bony, ii 334. [(illust.), 381. 



common, i 282 ; ii 84 ; iv 348, 380 



Pikes, i 282. 

 Pilchard, i 283; iv 265. 

 Pilidium, iii 419 (illust.). 

 "Pill Bugs", ii 342. 

 Pillow-Fish, ii 306. 

 Pimpla instigator, iv 194. 

 Pindar, iv 247. 

 Pine Marten, i 98; ii 22. 

 Pineal body, i 203. 



eye, i 203; iv 47 (illust.), 48. 



Pinguicula, iv 68. 



Pinna. See Ear-flap. 



Pinnipedia (see also Sea-Lions, Wal- 

 ruses, and Seals], i 86, 98-99; ii 24- 

 25, 329; iii 77-86, 492. 



Pinnules, i 459; ii 265. 

 Pintail, i 176. 



Piophila casei, iii 178; iv 351. 

 Pipa Americana, iii 50, 441, 442. 

 Pipe-Fish, iii 427. 



great, i 277; iii 427. 

 Pipit, meadow, i 157. 



Richard's, i 157. 



rock, i 157. 



tree, i 157. 



Pipridse, iv 431. 



PiSCiCOla, iv 200 (illust.). 



Pisciculture, i 18; iv 284-288. 

 Pisidium, iii 407. 

 Pissodes, iv 355. 

 Pitcher Plants, iv 70-72. 

 Pithecia Satanas, i 78; iii 24 o, 241. 

 Placoid scales, i 12-13, 259, 261, 

 Placula, iii 338. 339. [288. 



Placuna placenta, iv 324. 

 Plagiolepis, ii 206. [269. 



Plaice, i 279; ii 291-292; iii 432; iv 



Plan, of work, i 17-19. 



Planaria gonocephala, iii 7 (illust.). 



lactea, i 445 (illust.). 



Planarian worms, i 441, 445-447,. 



483; ii 151-152, 271, 308, 361, 445- 

 446; iii 7, 20-21, 329; iv 41, 440. 



land forms, i 446; ii 152. 



Planes minutus, ii 140. 

 Plankton, i 420; ii 29, 330; iv 283- 



284, 435, 449-455, 459- Ui4- 



Planorbis corneus, i 328; ii 434; iii 

 Plantain -Eater, African, iii 263 



(illust.). 



Plantigrade feet structure, am- 

 phibians, iii 121. 



insects, iii 166. 



mammals, i 94 (illust.); iii 135-136,, 

 155, 156, 158, 162. 



Plant-Lice. See Aphides. 



Plants, association of animals and, iv 



carnivorous, iv 68-74. [74-76. 



classification of, iv 64. 



defences of, iv 80-83, 9-95- 



dispersal of, by animals, iv 95-98. 



food of, i 33, 488; ii 3, 270-274; iv 



parasitism, iv 76-77. [65-74. 



pollination of, iv 83-90. 



relation between nutrition of ani- 

 mals and, iv 68-74. [353. 



Planula (pi. Planulse), iii 342, 350,. 

 Plasma, i 38, 42, 147, 428, 469. 

 Plasmodiophora brassicse, i\ 7 8; 



iv 363. 



Plastron, of turtles and tortoises, L 

 214, 217, 218, 220; ii 334. 



Platalea leucolodia, i 180. 

 Platanista Gangetica, ii 28-29. 

 "Plate Beaver", iii 74. 

 Platyhelmia, i 304, 441-447; and see 



Flat-Worms. 



Platypus, duck-billed. See Duck- 

 Mole. 



Plecotus auritus, i 82. 

 Plectognathi, i 273, 277-278. 

 Plectrophenax nivalis, i 156. 

 Plesiosauria, iv 4 68, 469. 

 Pleurobranchus membranaceus,. 



ii 306. 



Pleuronectes flesus, iv 269. 



limanda, iv 269. 



microcephalus, iv 270. 



platessa, i 279; iv 369. 

 PleUTOnectidse. See Flat Fishes. 



Pliny, iv 245, 369, 389, 399. 



PlotUS, ii 49: iii 64- 



Ploughshare bone, i 144; iii 20* 



(illust), 298. [455; iv 61-62. 

 PlOVer, golden, i 169 (illust.); iii 454- 

 American, iii 305. 



grey, i 169. 



Kentish, i 169; ii 286; iii 453. 



ringed, i 169; ii 286; iv 133 (illust.). 

 Plovers, i 152, 168-169; ii 67-68, 296; 



iii 465; iv 377, 423. 



Plumatella, i 437; ii 261; iii 331. 

 Plumbago, iv 93. 



