544 



INDEX 



Protective resemblance (Cent.} 



birds (Cotit. ) 



eggs and young, ii 285-286. 



crustaceans, ii 278, 279, 292-293. 



fishes, ii 283-284, 291-292, 296. 



insects, ii 282, 286-287, 293-294, 

 296-300; iii 399; iv 160, 161-162. 



mammals, ii 18, 279, 289-290, 295 ; 

 iii 488. 



molluscs, ii 278, 285, 287-289, 292, 



reptiles, ii 281-282, 290-291. [296. 



zoophytes, ii 278. 

 ProteidS. See Albuminoids. 



Proteles Lalandii, i 91-92; ii 15- 



Protelidae, i 87, 91-92 ; and see Pro- 

 teles. 



Proterospongia, iv 100-101 (illust.). 

 Proteus anguineus, i 249 ; ii 457 ; 



iii 4 8. 

 Proteus animalcule, i 488-491; ii 



268-269, 418; iii 2, 6, 231, 318-319; 

 iv 4-5- 



Protochordata, i 60, 292-301. See 



also Lancelet, Ascidians, and Acorn- 

 headed Worm. 



Protohydra, i 480. 



ProtOmollUSCS, i 311, 339-34 1 : " 

 391-392; iii 222, 404-405; iv 16-17, 



Protomyxa, i 497. 498- [215- 



Protoplasm, i 39, 43-44, 4 6 9, 4 8 4, 



487-488, 490, 492, 498; ii 1-3, 266, 

 268, 270, 379; iii i; iv 1-3, 449, 484. 



Protopterus, i 264, 265; ii 83, 456. 



ProtOtheria, i 69-70. See Mam- 

 mals, egg-laying. 

 Prototracheata. See Peripatus. 



Protozoa, i 304, 487-499; ii 163, 266- 

 270, 272-274, 341, 361-362, 418-419; 

 iii 2, 4, 5, 6, 8-9, 88-89, 231, 317-325, 

 333-335; iv 4, 49, 7 6 > 77, 99- IOI > 

 206-207, 363, 449, 453, 454-455, 45 8 , 



amceba-like, i 492, 495-498. [464. 



Proventriculus, i 14- 

 Prussia acid, ii 360. 



Psalter, ii 169. See also Digestive 

 organs of mammals, herbivorous. 



Psammodromus Hispanicus, iii 

 Psephurus, i 268. [446. 



Pseudobranch, i 263; ii 386. 

 Pseudobranchus striatus, iii 49. 

 Pseudoceros velutinus, ii 308. 



PseudOpOdS, of animalcules, i 490, 

 495, 496; ii 268-269, 270; iii 2, 3, 4; 

 iv 4~5- 



Pseudoscorpionidae, i 387, 388-389. 

 Psilura monacha, ii 287; iv 353. 

 Psittaci, i 152, 166-167; " 188-191; 



iii 265-266. 



Psittacus erithacus, i 166; iv 389. 

 Psocus fasciatus, i 379- 

 Psolus ephippifer, iii 357- 

 Psopheticus stridulans, iv 37. 

 Psychidae, iii 400. 

 Psychology, i 17. 

 Psychropotes, iii 96 (illust.). 

 Ptarmigan, i 172; ii 290 (illust.); iv 



134 (illust.). 



Pteranodon, iii 309; iv 471. 

 Pterasteridae, iii 356. 

 Pteridophyta, iv 64. 

 Pteroceras, ii 336. 

 Pterodactylus, iv 470-471 (illust.). 



PteromalUS pontise, iv 194. 



puparum, iv 194. 



Pteromys petaurista, iii 282-283. 

 Pteronarcys, ii 464 (illust.). 

 Pterophorus pterodactylus, i 366. 



Pteropoda, i 325-326; ii 278; iii 35- 



36, 412; iv45i. 

 PterOpUS, i 81-82; ii 321; iv 212. 



edulis. i 82; iii 245. 

 Pterosaur, paddle-tailed, iii 308-309 



(illust.). [471. 



Pterosauria, iii 292, 308-309; iv 470- 

 Pterotrachea, i 321; ii 99 (illust.); 



iv 35 (illust.). 



Pterylse, i 142. [155- 



Ptilonorhynchus holosericeus, i 



Ptinidae, iv 355. 



Ptyodactylus homolepis, iii 268. 



Pubis, i 145- 



Puff Adder, ii 80, 303-304; iv 339. 



Puffin, common, i 184; iii 66. B 



Puffins, i 184; ii 53. 



Pug Dog, i 383, 384 (illust.). 



Pulex irritans, i 358; ii 122; iii 178. 



Pulicidae. See Fleas. 



Pulmonary artery, i 40-41. 

 Pulmonata, i 317, 324, 326-328 ; ii 



roc, 330, 461-462. 



Pulsating vacuole, i 491, 493, 494, 



496; ii 419- 

 PulVlllUS, iii 274-275, 276. 



Pulvinaria ribesiae, iv 351. 



Puma, i 88; ii 9 (illust.), 10; iii 247. 



Pupa (pi. Pupae) : 



beetles, i 367; iii 394 (illust.); iv 192. 



bugs, iii 381. 



flies, two-winged, i 356, 357; ii 442 

 (illust.), 468 (illust.); iii 402 (illust.), 

 403-404 (illust.); iv 191 (illust). 



insects, membrane -winged, i 370, 

 371, 372; iii 387, 388, 389, 391; iv 



IIO, 112, 115, 117, Il8, 120, 177, 195, 

 255, 256. 



net-winged, i 377, 378, 379 ; iii 



385-386. 



moths and butterflies, i 360, 361, 

 362, 363, 364, 365; iii 399-400 (illust.), 

 401 (illust.), 402 (illust.). 



Pupil, of mammals, i 58, 93, 94. 



"Pure cultures", i4. 



Purple -Shell, i 320-321; ii 9 6- 97 



(illust.), 394-395; iii 412 (illust.), 416; 

 iv 348. 



Purpura lapillus, i 320-321; ii 96- 



97, 394-395: "i 4 T 2, 416; iv 348. 

 PutoriUS ermineus, i 98; ii 22, 289; iv 



foetid us, i 97; ii 22; iv 369. [303. 



lutreolus, iii 76; iv 304. 



Sibiricus, iii 76. 



vison, iii 76; iv 304. 



vulgaris i 98; ii 21, 290. 

 PycnOgOn, shore, i 424 (illust.). 



Pycnogonida, i 343, 424 ; iv 447 



(illust.). 



Pycnogonum littorale, i 424. 

 Pygaera bucephala, i 363-364; ii 

 299. 



PygOpOdeS, i 152, 183-185; iii 64-65. 



Pygopus lepidopus, i 222. 

 Pylocheles, iv 446-447- 

 Pyloric caeca, i 272. 

 Pyloric sac, i 453. 

 Pyrosoma, i 300; iv 106. 



gigantea, iv 106. 



Pyrrhocorax graculus, i 154. 

 Pyrrhula Europaea, i 156. 



Python, Indian (molurus), i 231, 232 

 (illust.). 



West African (sebse), i 231, 232 

 (illust). 



Pythons, i 232; ii 79, 320; iii 270, 445. 



Pythonomorpha, iv 469. 



Q 



Quadrate bone, i 143, 193, 206, 215, 



Quadrumana, iii 253. [237. 



Quadrupeds, i 8. 



Quail, i 172; ii 239. 



Quercus pubescens, iv 81-82. 



Querquedula crecca, iii 58. 

 quetta, i 176. 



Quill- feathers, i 142-143 (illust.), 



153, 155, \56, 157, 158, 163, 173, 178, 

 182, 186; iii 296-297, 301. 



R 



Rabbit, i 9, 124 (illust); ii 174-176, 

 324, 325, 345-346, 366-367; iii ii, 12, 



202, 482; iv 140, 141, 243-244, 308, 



346, 375, 386. 



angora, iv 243, 244 (illust.). 



chinchilla, iv 243. 



RaCCOOn, common, i 94 (illust.); ii 

 RachiS, i 142. [229-230; iii 247. 



Radiale, i 144, 197, 198, 252; iii 299. 



Radial Vessels. See Ambulacral 



vessels. 



Radiates (Radiata), i ii. 

 Radiolaria, i 496; ii 341; iv 76, 77, 



453, 454, 458. 



Radiolarian ooze, i 496. 

 Radius, i 30, 144, 196, 197, 241, 251, 



252; iii 118, 134, 141, 149, 158, 237, 

 299. 



Radula, pi. Radulae (see also Rasp- 

 ing organ), i 310; ii 95, 96, 97, 196, 



Radula sac, i 310; ii 95. [198. 



Raia batis, i 288; ii 386; iii 424; iv 

 278. 



clavata, i 288; ii 334; iv 278. 

 Rail, land-, i 171; ii 240 (illust), 343- 



water-, i 171 ; ii 344. [344, 368. 

 Rails, i 152, 171; ii 240, 343-344, 368; 



iii 61-62, 186. 



RaUus aquaticus, i 171. 

 Ramulina globulifera, iv 454. 



Rana Catesbyana, i 254; iii 50. 



esculenta, i 254; iii 50; iv 153. 



Guppyi, i 255. 



temporaria, i 249; ii 82, 192-194, 

 291, 422-423, 457-458; iii 50, 182- 

 184, 436-437. [iii 383. 



Ranatra linearis, i 354; ii 124, 440; 

 Rangifer tarandus, i m; iii 152; 



iv 219. 



Ranidae, i 254. See also Frogs. 

 Raphides, iv 80. 

 Raphidia ophiopsis, i 377- 

 Rasores, ii 238. 

 Rasping organ, of molluscs, i 308- 



310, 311, 339; ii 94-96 (illust), 97, 

 99, 196, 247, 248. 

 Rat, black, i 127; and see Rats. 



common or brown, i 127; iv 375. 



water-. See Vole, water-. 



RatS, i 127; ii 234, 321; iv 346, 347. 

 See also Mole-Rats, Pouched-Rats, 

 &c. 



Ratitae, i 152, 186-190; ii 243; iii 128- 



132, 449-45- 



Rat-Kangaroos, ii 182. 

 "Rat-tailed Maggot", ii 216, 44 i, 



442 (illust). 

 "Rattle", i 235; ii 304 (illust.). 



Rattlesnake, i 234-235 (illust.); ii 



80 (illust.), 304 (illust); iv 135, 339. 



