INDEX 



545 



Raven, I 153; ii 235, 236, 237; iv 96, 



Ray, John, i 9. [130, 347, 408. 



Ray, thornback, i 288 (illust.); " 334; 



whip-, i 288. [iv 278 (illust.). 

 Rays, i 257, 284, 287-290; ii 90, 385- 



387; iii 44, 424-425; iv 204, 278, 348. 



eagle-, i 288; ii 90 (illust.); iii 44 

 (illust.). [(illust). 



electric, i 290 (illust.); ii 90, 91 



sting-, i 288-290; ii 356, 357; iv 205. 



true, i 288. 



Ray-Animalcule, i 496; iv 76, 77 



(illust.), 449 (illust.), 453, 454, 458. 



Ray Lankester, i 400; iv 282, 325. 



Razorbill, common, i 184 (illust.); iii 



66. 

 Razor-Shells, i 355 (illust.); iii 220 



(illust.); iv 215. 



Reason, i 52; iv 53. 

 Reaumur, iii 388. 

 Recapitulation, law of, i 14; ii 9, 



15, 29, 394; iii 118-119, 142-143, 321, 



335-336, 337-339, 348, 432; iv 482. 

 Rectal gills, ii 464- See also Gills, 



of insects. 

 Rectrices, i 143; iii 297. See also 



Feathers. 



Rectum, ii 464-465, 466. [128. 



Recurvlrostra avocetta, iii 127- 

 Redia (pi. Rediae), i 444. 



Red-Mullet, plain, iv 271. 



striped, iv 271 (illust.). 



Red-Mullets, iv 271-272. 

 Red- or Forked-Worm, iv 362. 



Redpole, lesser, i 156. 



mealy, i 156. 



"Red-Spider", i 393; 218, 443 . 

 Red-spotted Bluethroat, i 160. 

 Redstart, i 160. 



black, i 160. [190. 



Reduvius personatus, ii 123; iv 



Redwing, i 160. 



Reed, ii 169. 



Reed-fish, i 266, 268 (illust.); ii 453. 



Reeve, iv 322. 



Reeves, w. H., iv 292. 



Reflex actions, iv 9 (illust.), 24, 33, 



34, 49, 50. 



Regeneration, biological : 



amphibians, iii 332. 



annelids, ii 374-375; iii 329. 



birds, iii 332. 



crustaceans, ii 374; iii 331-332. 



echinoderms, i 454; iii 328-329. 



flat-worms, iii 329. 



mammals, iii 332. 



moss-polypes, iii 331. 



reptiles, ii 371 ; iii 332. 



sponges, iii 325, 326. 



zoophytes, iii 328. 

 RegulUS cristatus, i 160. 



ignicapillis, i 160. 



Reindeer, i 111-112; iii 152; iv 218, 



219 (illust.). 



"Reindeer Age", i 112. 

 Remiges, i 143; iii 296. See also 

 Feathers. 



Rengger, iv 146. 

 Rennin, ii 169. 



Reptiles, i 60, 191-237; ii 70-81, 191- 

 192, 281-282, 290-291, 303-304, 311, 



320, 333, 344-345, 354-355, 37O-37*, 

 424-426; iii 50-56, iio-ui, 121-124, 

 184-185, 207-212, 267-272, 286-287, 

 308-309, 332, 443-448 ; iv 29-30, 47, 

 48, 151-152, 214, 317, 328, 336-337, 

 348, 378, 391-392, 395-396, 417, 419, 



Reptiles (Cent.} 



421, 425, 428, 432, 437, 463-464, 467- 

 471. 



extinct, ii 328, 329-330; iii 124, 292, 

 308-309 (illust.); iv 463-464, 467-471 



flying. See Extinct. [(illust.). 



terrible. See Dinosaurs. 



toothless, i 212-221. See also 

 Turtles and Tortoises. 



varied-toothed, iv 467-468. 

 Respiratory organs. See Breath- 

 ing organs. 



Respiratory trees, of echinoderms, 

 ii 414; iii 96, 97. 



Retepora, i 437 (illust.). 



RetiCUlum, ii 168. See also Diges- 

 tive organs of mammals, herbivo- 

 rous. 



Retina, i 58. 



Retinaculum, iii 312. [99. 



Retractor muscles, i 334, 438 ; iii 

 Retropinna Richardsoni, iv 275. 

 Reversion, iv 488. 

 Rhabdites, ii 361. 

 Rhabdocceles, ii 151, 152. 

 Rhabdophora, iv 458-459- 



Rhacophorus pardalis, iii 287-288. 



Reintwardti, ii 319, 323; iii 288. 



reticulatas, iii 441-442. 



Schlegeli, iii 439. 



Rhamphastidae, ii 186-187. 

 Rhamporhynchus, iii 308-309. 



Rhea, common (Americana), i 188. 



Darwin's (Darwini), i 188. 



long-billed (macrorhynca), i 188. 

 Rheas, i 188 ; ii 243 ; iii 130, 153, 449. 



Rhina squatina, i 286-287. 



Rhinoceros, common or black (bicor- 

 nis), i 106 (illust.); ii 350; iii 138-139, 

 140. [350; iii 139 (illust.). 



Indian (unicornis), i 106 (illust.); ii 



white (sinus), iii 138. 



Rhinoceroses, i 6 4 , 105-106 ; ii 350 ; 



iii 138-140, 488; iv 334, 373. 



Rhinoderma Darwini, iii 440-441 



(illust.). 

 RhinolOphUS ferrumequinum, i 83. 



hipposideros, i 83. [83. 



Rhinopoma microphyllum, i 82- 

 Rhizocrinus, iv 446. 

 Rhizomys, iii 204. 

 Rhizopoda, i 492, 495-498; ii 268- 



270, 341. See also Animalcules. 



Rhodeus amarus, ii 452 (illust.). 

 Rhodites rosse, i 372; ii 204-205. 



RhombUS laevis, iv 268. 



maximus, i 279; iii 431-432; iv 268. 



Rhopalia, iv 41 (illust.). 

 Rhopalocera, i 360-362. See also 



Butterflies. 



Rhyacophilides, ii 116. 

 Rhynchites betulae, iii 394-396. 

 Rhynchocephala, i 203, 236-237; 



iii 56, 444 ; iv 410, 464, 467. 



Rhynchodesmus terrestris, ii 446. 

 Rhynchops, ii 52. 

 Rhynchosuchus Schlegeli, i 212. 

 Rhyssa, iv 195. 

 Rhytina, ii 173-174. 



Ribs, amphibians, i 239. 



birds, i 144-145. 



fishes, i 261. 



mammals, i 29, 46. 



reptiles, i 194-195, 206, 237 ; ii 424 ; 

 iii iio-ui, 287. 



Rice-Bird, i 156. 

 Richardia .ffithiopica, iv 80. 



Ridley, H. N., iii 4 88. 



Rimula, ii 394. 



Ring-muscle, ii 171. 



Ring-Ousel, i 160. 



Rissa tridactyla, i 168; iii 455, 456. 



Ritzema Bos, ii 235, 347; iv 326, 



328, 358. 

 River-Shrew, African, ii 35. 



River- Worm, red, i 431 ; iv 203-204. 

 Roach, i 282; ii 449 (illust.), 450. 



Robin Redbreast, i 160 ; iii 185 ; iv 



Robinson, Louis, iii 234. [96. 



ROCk-BadgerS. See Conies. 



Rock-borers, i 335. 

 Rock Goby, i 275. 

 "Rock Hoppers", iii 186. 

 Rock-Kangaroos, ii 182. 



ROCk-Lobster. See Lobster. 

 Rock -Wallaby, yellow -footed, iii 



479 (illust.). 

 Rodentia. See Mammals, gnawing. 



Rods and Cones, i 58; iv 47 . 

 Rolling-up habit, ii 341-342. 



Rolt, H. A., iv 379. 



Romanes, ii 154, 324; Hi 19, 95, 115, 



234: iv 385, 401, 478, 488, 489, 494. 



Rondeletius, iv 315. 



Rook, i 153 (illust.); 11235, 236<illust), 

 354 ; iii 185, 186, 463 ; iv 130-132 

 (illust.), 348. 



Rorqual, ii2 9 ; iii 85. 

 Rose-bedeguars, i 372. 

 Rose chafer, i 368, 369 (illust.). 



ROSS, iv 207, 341. 

 Rotalia, i 489 (illust.); iii 6. 

 RotatOria. See Wheel-Animalcules. 

 Rotifer (and see Wheel-Animalcules): 



crown, ii 362 263 (illust). 



flower, ii 263. 



rose-coloured, i 434-435 (illust); ii 

 262; iii ico (illust). 



Rotifera, i 304, 434-435; ar d see 



Wheel-Animalcules. 

 Round-mouths, i 257, 291-292; ii 



91-92, 383-385; iii 423; iv 278-279. 



Round- Worm, i 447-448 (illust.); iv 

 Roy, iii 307- [343- 



Rozites gongylophora, ii 209. 



Ruff, i 169; iv 147. 



Rumen, ii 168. See also Digestive 

 organs of mammals, herbivorous. 



Rumia crataagata, i 364; ii 297-298; 



iii 102. 



Ruminants (see also Mammals, 

 hoofed*), i 29, 109-122; ii 351-354, 

 365-366; iii 150-153, 489-490. 



"hollow-horned", i 113; ii 352. 



Running Birds, i 152, 186-187; ii 



243, 354, 3 6 7-368; iii 128-132, 449- 

 450; iv 475-476. [iii 248. 



Rupicapra tragus, i 117; ii 365-366; 

 Ruthenica, iv 82. 

 Ruticilla phoenicurus, i 160. 



tithys, i 1 60. 



Sabella, ii 339, 409- 

 Sabellaria, i 430; ii 339- 



Sable, American, iv 303. 



Russian, i 98; iii 156 (illust.); iv 303. 



Saccopharynx pelecanoides, iv 



44 6. 



Sacculina, iv 197-199 (illust). 

 Sacral vertebrae, i 27, 144, 194, 239. 



