INDEX 



553 



Tube-nosed Birds (Tubinares), i 

 152, 182-183; ii 53; and see Petrels 

 and Albatrosses. [204. 



Tubifex rivulorum, I 431; iv 203- 

 Tubipora musica, i 477; H 34^ 4 X 7- 

 Tubularia, i 480; ii 160. 



TunicateS. See Ascidians. 



Tunny, i 274; iv 270-271, 381. 

 Tupaia tana, i 83, 8 4 ; iii 246-247. 



TupaiidSB, i 83; iii 246-247. 



Turbellaria, i 441, 445-447; 151- 



152, 271, 445-446; iii 7, 20-21, 329. 

 TurbOt, i 60-6 1 (illust.), 279 (illust.); 



iii 425, 431-432 (illust.); iv 268. 

 TurdUS iliacus, i 160. 



merula, i 159. 



musicus, i 159; iii 457, 458. 



pilaris, i 159. 



torquata, i 160. 



viscivorus, i 160. 



Turkey, i 172; ii 239; iv 249-250. 

 Turner, iv 387. 



Turnip "Flies". See Beetles, flea-. 

 Turnstone, i 169; ii 67. 



Turret-Shells (Turritella), i 321. 

 Turtle, edible, iii 55, 446-447- 



green, i 218; ii 191. 



hawk's-bill, i 218; ii 72 (illust.), 191; 

 iii 55; iv 395-396 (illust.). 



leathery. See Turtles. 



loggerhead, iii 55. 



Turtles (and see Turtle), i 203, 212- 

 221; ii 71-72, 333, 334, 424; iii 54-56, 

 446-448. 



leathery, i 216-217 (illust.); iii 55, 56. 



Turtur communis, i 167; ii 185. 



Tusks, of mammals (see also Teeth), 

 i 102, 109, no, in; ii 348-350. 



Tusk-Shells, i 3", 338-339 (illust.); 



ii 247-248; iii 221-222, 411-412; iv 



Tusser, iv 249. [18, 323. 



Twite, i 156. 



TylenchUS devastatrix, iv 363. 



scandens, ii 222-223. 



Tylopoda, iii 152-153. 

 Tylototriton Andersoni, ii 334. 

 Tympanic cavity, i 57. 



membrane, i 57, 192. 

 Type, classification by, i 10. 



"generalized", i 195-196. 



"theoretical", i 196. 



Typhlonectes compressicau- 



data, iii 443. 



Typhlonus nasus, iv 443 (illust.). 

 Typhlopidse, i 235-236; ii 79 , 329; iii 



212. [212. 



Typhlops vermicularis, i 236; iii 

 Tyrian purple, i 321; iv 397. 



TyrOglyphUS farinse, ii 217. 



siro, i 393; ii443. 



u 



Udonella caligorum, iv 201. 

 Ulna, i 30, 144, 196, 197, 241, 251, 252; 



iii 118, 134, 141, 143, 149, i 52) 158, 

 237, 299. 



Ulnare, i 144, 197, 198, 252; iii 299. 

 Umbrella-Bird, iv 431. [237. 



Uncinate process, i 145, 187, 206, 



Ungulata, i 68. See also Mammals, 

 hoofed. 



even-toed, i 107-122. 



non-ruminating forms, i 107-109. 



ruminants, i 109-122. 



odd-toed, i 104-107. 



UniO, i 328; ii 248-249, 335; iii 37, 

 406-407. 



Unpaired fin, i 257, 258. 



Upper arm, i 24. 



Upper arm-bone, i 29-30 ; iii 298 ; 



and see Humerus. 



Upupa epops, i 164. 



Uraster rubens, i 450-454; ii 153; 



Ureter, i 48. [iii 90-92; iv 41. 



Uria grylle, i 184. 



troile, i 184; iii 66, 453. 



Urinary bladder, i 48. 

 Urochord, i 298. 



UrOChorda, i 293, 297-300. See also 

 Ascidians. 



Urodela, i 245-249; ii 456; iii 45, 46- 



49, 212-213, 434-436. 



Uromastix, i 222; ii 77 , 282. 



acanthinurus, ii 77. 



spinipes, i 222. 



Uropeltidse, ii 79; Hi 211-212. 

 Uropeltis grandis, iii 211-212. 

 Uropsilus soricipes, ii 36. 

 Urostyle, i 251. 

 Urotrichus, ii 36. 



Ursidse, i 94-95; iii 155-156, 491; and 

 see Ursus. 



sub-, i 94; iii 247-248. 



UrSOn, iii 253. [iv 334, 372. 



UrsUS arctos, i 95, 227-228 ; iii 155 ; 



ferox, i 95. 



labiatus, ii 228 ; iv 334. 



Malayanus, ii 227. 



maritimus, i 95; ii 19, 227; iii 75-76, 



ornatus, iv 429. [155-156; iv 334. 

 UruS, i 114; iv 224. [iv 208-408. 



Utilitarian Zoology, i 15-16, iS; 



animal aesthetics, iv 400-408. 

 foes, iv 321-363. 



forms injurious to human 



industries, iv 345, 363. 



personal enemies, iv 321-344. 



friends, iv 219-224, 325-330. 



pets, iv 382-393. 



products used for decorative pur- 

 poses, iv 394-400. [300. 



animals as a source of food, iv 211- 



domestication of animals, iv 217- 

 260; and see Domestication. 



sporting zoology, iv 364-381. 



Utricularia, iv 73-74, 95. 



Vaccination, iv 79 , 320. 

 Vacuum (pi. vacua), iii 268-269. 

 Vagus nerve, i 53- [iii 454, 472. 

 Vanellus cristatus, i 169; ii 286; 



Vanessa Atlanta, i 361. 



cardui, i 361. 



lo, i 361; ii 215; iv 56. 



polychloros, i 361. 



urticae, i 361; ii 215, 294. 



Van Someren, iii 456; iv6o. 



VaranuS griseus, ii 73, 282. 



Niloticus, i 224; ii 73. 



prasinus, ii 73. 



Salvator, ii 73; iii 51-52. 



Variation, iv 486, 491-492. 



Varro, iv 248. 



Vegetative Propagation, i 299; iii 



316-332, 422. See also Development 



and Life-histories. 

 Vein, portal, i 41. 

 Veins, i 39-41 ; and see Circulatory 



organs. 



Velella, ii 161; iv 450 (illust.). 

 Veliger.iii 406 (illust.),4i4, 415 (illust.). 

 Velum, i 479; iii 406. 



Venous sinus, i 200, 240, 262. 



Ventral COrd. See Nerve-cord. 



Ventral plates, iii 114. 

 Ventral shields, i 228; iii no-m, 

 270-271. 



Ventricle, i 40; and see Circulatory 

 organs. 



Venus mercenaria, iv 323. 

 Venus's Flower-Basket, i 486; iv 



446 (illust.). 



Venus's Fly-trap, iv 69-70 (illust.). 

 Venus's Girdle, i 483; iii 20 (illust. ;. 

 Verification of Generalization, 



13-4- 



Vermetus, iii 413-414. 

 Verneuilina pygmsea, iv 454. 

 Verreaux, ii 47- 



Vertebrae (and see Vertebral column; : 



atlas, i 26-27 (illust.). 



chest-, i 27. 



loin-, i r?7. 



neck-, i 26-27, 66, 144. 



sacral, i 27. 



tail, i 27, 144, 1 86. 



Vertebral column, amphibians, i 



239, 251, 256. 



birds, 144-145, 186. 



fishes, i 260-261, 271. [254. 



mammals, i 26-27 (illust), 66; iii 



reptiles, i 193-194, 214-215, 221-222, 

 229-230, 237; iii no-iii. [115. 



Vertebral ossicles, i 455; iii 4- 



VertebrateS, classification and essen- 

 tial characters, i 60-63. t34- 



contrasted with invertebrates, i 302- 



See also Vertebrates, primitive ; 

 Round-mouths (Cyclostomata), 

 Fishes, Amphibia, Reptiles, Birds, 

 and Mammals. 



"cold-blooded", i 191. 



primitive, i 292-301; ii 92, 243-246; 

 iii 38-40, 214-216. See also Lance- 

 let, Ascidians, and Acorn -headed 

 Worm. 



Verworn, iv 494. [112. 



Vespa crabo, i 374; ii 250-251; iv 



Germanica, iv 111-112. 



vulgaris, i 373; ii 250-251. 

 Vespertillo Bechsteini, i 82. 



Daubentini, i 82. 



mystacinus, i 82. 



Nattereri, i 82. 



Vespertilionidse, i 82. 



VesperugO Leisleri, i 82. 



noctula, i 82. 



pipistrellus, i 82; iii 292-293. 



serotinus, i 82. 

 Vespid33. See Vespa. 



Vicunia, i 122; Hi 153, 248. 

 Vidua, iv 421. 



Vine-Louse, i 353; and see Aphis, 

 vine-. [222; iii 21. 



Vinegar- or Paste-Eel, i 448; ii 



Violet, iv 97. [iv 407-408 (illust.). 



Viper (and see Vipers), honied, ii 282; 



Russell's, iv 339. 



water, iii 53. 



Vipers (and see Viper), i 232, 234-235; 

 ii 80-8 1 ; iii 445. 



" pit ", i 235. 



tree-, iii 272. 



Vipera arietans, ii 80; iv 339. 



Russelli, iv 339. 

 ViperidSB. See Vipers. 



