DEVELOPMENT OF PLANTS 453 



or barbed bristles, and known as the pappus (Figs. 339, 341). 

 The corolla is tubular or partially split open, forming a strap- 

 shaped blade known as the ligulate corolla (Fig. 339, F). The 

 anthers are united about the style which is often hairy and pushes 



FIG. 338. Habit of the dandelion (Taraxacum), an example of the 

 Cichoraceae : a, appearance of the inflorescence or head ; b, appearance of 

 the head during the ripening of the seed ; in, involucre ; c, appearance of 

 the fruit. 



out the microspores like a piston (Fig. 341, B-D). The style 

 is two lobed, the stigma usually appearing as a line on the inner 

 surface of the lobes and the single, one-ovuled carpel matures 

 as an akene. Scale-like bracts, the chaff, are often associated 

 with the flowers (Fig. 341, B). The nectar formed from the 

 glands at the base of the style is concealed at the bottom of the 

 corolla tube. 



(a) The Chicory Family. This family is distinguished by all 

 the flowers of the head being ligulate (Fig. 339) and mostly yel- 

 low in color and by the possession of milky, bitter or acrid juices. 



