CAVERNS. 



253 



ances in this cavern, it seems to have been in former times the habitation of man, per- 

 haps the bandit's home. 2. Cave near the village of Hutton in the Mendip Hills. This 



is a series of cavernous 

 chambers found by the la- 

 bourers in working for ochre, 

 which occurs in fissures of 

 the mountain limestone. In 

 the first chamber, about 

 twenty feet square and four 

 high, a large stalactite de- 

 pends from the roof in the 

 centre, and beneath a stalag- 

 mite rises from the floor, 

 nearly touching it. The 

 bones from this cavern are 

 those of the elephant, horse, 

 ox, deer, bear, and hog. 3. 

 Cave at Balleye, near Wiiks- 

 worth. Bones and molar 

 teeth of the elephant were 

 discovered here in a cavity 



Kent's Cave, near Torquay. o f mountain limestone by 



the lead miners, mentioned in the following record of a workman : "In sinking for 

 lead at Baulee, within two miles of Wirksworth, A. D. 1663, they came to an open place 

 as large as a church, and found a skeleton reclining against the side, so large that his 

 brain-pan would have held two strike of corn, and so big that they could not get it 

 up without breaking it. My grandfather having a share in the said mine, they sent 

 him a tooth, Aveighing four pounds three ounces. George Mower." Some of these 

 remains are still preserved. 4. Dream Cave, near Wirksworth. This was likewise dis- 

 covered by the miners in pursuing a vein of lead. After sinking about sixty feet 

 through solid mountain limestone, they came to a large cavern filled with argillaceous 

 earth and stony fragments. Here were found the remains of a rhinoceros, in a high 

 state of preservation. They belonged apparently to the same individual, and formed 

 probably an entire skeleton, though several parts were wanting, having been separated 

 from the rest through the subsidence of the mass in which they were imbedded into an 

 underlying hollow, owing to the workmen disturbing the site. Bones of deer and frag- 

 ments of horns were found in the same spot, all of which are now deposited in the Oxford 

 Museum. 5. Cave on Derdham Down, near Clifton ; a fissure which contained frag- 

 ments of stone and stalagmite, with bones incrusted with stalactitic matter, among which 

 was a fossil joint of the horse. 6. Caves at Oreston, near Plymouth. Several caverns 

 were discovered in removing materials for the construction of the Breakwater from a hill 

 of transition limestone. They contained bones belonging to a species of rhinoceros, the 

 tiger, hyasna, horse, ox, wolf, and deer. 7. Cave of Crawley Rocks, near Swansea. This 

 cavity was accidentally intersected in working a quarry. It has now been entirely cut 

 away. Various parts of the elephant, rhinoceros, hyaena, ox, and stag were found in it. 

 8. Caves of Paviland. Two cavities occur in a lofty cliff of limestone facing the sea 

 on the coast of Glamorganshire, which the waves reach in considerable storms. The 

 remains of an immense number of animals of extinct species have been found in them. 



It is clear from these facts, that anciently, as Dr. Buckland remarks, " extinct species 

 of hygena, tiger, bear, elephant, rhinoceros, and hippopotamus, no less than the wolves, 



