ALTERATIONS OF COAST LINE. 389 



Years. 



1221, 1246. the Texel, and was part of the mainland of North Holland in the year 

 1251. 1205. It was detached from the continent by the high floods which 



occurred in the annexed years. 



1277, 1278, Inundations engulph the fertile country of Reiderland, an alluvial plain 

 1280, 1287. at the mouth of the Ems in the time of the Romans, stretching between 

 Groningen and East Friesland. Two small streams, the Tiam and the 

 Eche, which watered this district, disappeared. The town of Torum, 

 a considerable place, was destroyed, along with upwards of fifty market- 

 towns, villages, and monasteries. A new gulf, called the Dollart, now 

 occupies their site. 



1282. Violent tempests break the isthmus which united Holland with Friesland, 

 and form the Zuider Zee. 



1240. An irruption considerably changes the western coast of Schleswig ; many 

 fertile territories are swallowed up, and the arm of the sea which 

 separated the island of Nordstrand from the continent is greatly 

 enlarged. 



1300, 1500, Three fourths of Heligoland are swept away. 

 1649. 



1300. Ciparum, in Istria, destroyed. 



1303. A great part of Rugen engulfed, and many villages on the coast of 

 Pomerania. 



1337. An inundation carries off fourteen villages in the isle of Cadsand, in 

 Zealand. 



1421. An inundation covers a district named Bergseweld, in Holland, destroys 

 twenty-two villages, and forms the Bies-bosch, a large sheet of water 

 extending from Gertruidenberg to the isle of Dordrecht. 



1475. Land near the mouth of the Humber swept away, and several villages 

 destroyed. 



1500. The parish of Bourgneuf, in Brittany, and several others in that neigh- 

 bourhood, overflowed. 



1510. The Baltic forms the mouth of the Frisch-haff. 



1530 1532. The sea engulfs the town of Kortgene, in the island of North Beveland. 

 In the latter year the eastern portion of South Beveland is carried 

 away, with several villages, and the towns of Borselen and Remerswalde. 



1570* A violent storm destroys half of the village of Scheveningen, north -west 

 of the Hague. The church, once in the middle of the village, now 

 stands on the shore. 



1625. The sea detaches part of the peninsula of Dars, in Swedish Pomerania* 

 and forms of it the island of Zingst, 



1634. An irruption submerges the whole island of Nordstrand, a large and 

 populous district, which had originally been a part of the continent, 

 and detached by a previous inroad of the waters. On the evening 

 of the llth of October, 1634, the sea broke over it, destroying 1358 

 houses, churches, and towns, 50,000 head of cattle, and upwards of 

 6000 persons, There now remains of this once flourishing and fertile 

 island, the three islets named Pelworm, Nordstrand, and Lutze-moor. 



1658. The island Orisant annihilated. 



1719. Land torn away at Catwyck, which, though once far from the sea, is now 

 upon the shore* 



