

Aberdeen shire, granite of, 647, 649. 



Aberration of the Stars, 43. 



Abyssinia, wild oat found by Bruce in, 

 567; climate of, 601. 



Achray, view of Loch, 465 ; citation from 

 Walter Scott regarding, 465. 



Acotyledones, 551 . 



Actinolite, the mineral, 623. 644. 663. 



Adaptation of external nature to man's 

 wants, 570, 571. 



Adelsberg Cave, description and view of, 

 243, 244. 247, 248. 



Adige, the river, its rapid descent, 284, 

 490; view of the valley of the, 413. 



Adour, the river, 402. 549. 



Adria, ancient city of, 400. 



Adriatic Sea, changes about the, 399,400. 



Adventurers, mining, their ignorance of 

 geology, 620. 



-flCgina and ^Egean Sea, view of, 346 ; part 

 of, 357. 



Aerolites, 130 143 ; derivation of the 

 word, 131 ; table of, by M. Izarn. 132; 

 fall of, at Ensisheim on the Rhine, 132, 

 133 ; one seen to fall by Gassenor, at 

 Nice, 133 ; several fell at La Grange- 

 de-Juillac, in France, 133, 134 ; a re- 

 markable one fell in Yorkshire, 134 ; 

 several fell near Benares, in India, 134 ; 

 an immense fall of, in Normandy, 135 ; 

 nature and composition of aerolites, 



135 ; recent Instance at the Cape of 

 Good Hope, 136 ; many fall which are 

 never observed, 136 ; metallic masses 

 supposed to be meteoric, 136 ; a remark- 

 able fragment in the British Museum, 



136 ; particulars of one that fell in the 

 Punjaub, 136 ; probable origin of aero- 

 lites, 136, 137; Laplace's theory, 137; 

 Chladni's, 137; Sir H. Davy's, 137; 

 Arago's and Olmstead's ideas on me- 

 teoric showers agree with the Chlad- 

 nian hypothesis, 142 ; but the subject 

 involved in great uncertainty, 142, 143. 



Africa, eastern and western, floras of, 562 ; 

 granite mountains of, 645 ; animals of, 

 5'.K) ; population of 596. 



Agalysian rocks, 657. 



Agassiz, professor, 670. 679. 684688. 765. 



Aged persons, account of various, 607, 608. 



Agriculture improved by geology, 620. 



Aiguilles, the Swiss, 647, 648. 



Air, its nature and uses, 435 (see Atmos- 

 phere) ; effects of vitiated, 458, 459 ; its 

 composition, 461. 



Airy, professor, 36. 1G8. 



Aix, in Provence, hot springs of, 270. 



Alban Mount volcanic, 427. 



Albinos, 599, 600. 



Aleutian islands, 375. 558. 588. 



Alexandria, city of, its foundation, 8 f its 

 celebrated library, 8 ; the seat of ex- 

 tended astronomical science, 8, 9 ; Alex- 

 andrians early constructed various in- 

 struments, including astrolabes, or 

 armillary spheres, 16 ; bay of, 397. 



Algae, or sea weeds, 558. 



Algol, the star, its position, 170. 



Ali Pasha, 323. 



Alleghan^ Mountains, land-slip in the, 

 420, 421 ; view of the, 494. 



Allen, Bog of, 769. 



Alligators, 579, 580. 



Alluvial period, the, 637, 639 ; formation, 

 640. 



Alluvium, position of, 641 ; chapter on 

 recent formations of, 7(>6 782 ; organic, 

 766772 ; marine, 772775 ; lacustrine, 

 775, 776 ; fluviatile, 776, 777 ; chemical 

 and mineral, 777, 778; volcanic, 778782. 



INDEX. 



-r 

 V 



Alluvium of rivers, 386 

 Almagest, or Great Collection of Ptolemy, 

 contents of the, 11 ; contained 48 con- 

 stellations, 147. 

 Alphonsine tab'les, their invention and 



uses, 18. 



Alphonso of Castile, his irreverent re- 

 mark, 19. 

 Alpine flora, southern, 560 ; mountains, 



622. 



Alps, the, 207, 236, 237. 408-415; cretins 

 of the, 459 ; Tyrolese, characteristics 

 and view of, 490 ; fossiliferous remains 

 of the, 635 ; granite mountains of, 645. 

 649, 650. 



Altaian mountains, 649. 



Alterations of coast line, chapter on, 386 



486 ; encroachments by the ocean, 386 



397 ; accretions to the land, 397400 ; 



accumulations of shore sands, 400 402 ; 



volcanic elevations of shores, 402 406. 



Altitudes of various localities in the globe, 



205. 221. 

 Alum Bay, Isle of Wight, 628 ; fossils at, 



738, 739, 742 ; view of, 742. 

 Amazon, river of, 232 ; descent of its 

 waters and junction with the Atlantic, 

 281. 294, 302. 304, 305; east winds in, 

 439 ; wooded banks of the, 555 ; valley 

 of the, 584; jaguars near the, 586 ; raft 

 islands at the mouth of the, 593. 

 America, climate of the continents of, 490, 

 495; population of, 596; granite moun- 

 tains of, 645 ; fossil elephants of, 753 ; 

 rhinoceros, 753 ; megatherium, 757, 

 758 ; sivatherium, 758 ; fossil horses 

 of, 758. 762, 763. 

 American lakes, 312; transparent water 



of the, 322 ; races of men, 605. 

 American, or indigenous copper-coloured 



race of mankind, 603. 

 Ammonite shells found at Whitby, 617 ; 

 at Hornsea, 639 ; catina, view of the, 

 638 ; varieties of, 719, 720. 

 Amygdaloids, 655. 

 Anacreon, citation from, 482. 

 Analogy of mineral water, 276, 277 ; of 



sea water, 328330. 



Analogy between the vegetable and ani- 

 mal world, 571. 

 Anaxagoras, 7, 8. 

 Anaximander, 7. 



Ancients, the, noticed all the celestial 

 phenomena open to unaided visual ob- 

 servation but annular eclipses, 15, 16 ; 

 their instruments of observation simple 

 and imperfect, 16; pyramids and obe- 

 lisks with them served as measurers 

 of hours, days, and years, 15 ; their 

 clepsydras, or water-clocks, 15 ; the 

 economy of the universe was a sealed 

 book to the, 16; had but a circum- 

 scribed knowledge of the globe, 194 ; 

 carefully fortified mountain passes, 

 216; their limited knowledge of phy- 

 sical geography, 346; were little ad- 

 dicted to physical inquiry, 433 ; used 

 lightning conductors, 521, 522; had 

 glimpses of geological science, 615, 616. 

 Andes, incidental notices of the, 219, et 



al., 645. 653. 

 Andrew's, castle and coast of St., 393, 



394. 

 Anemometer kept by the Royal Society, 



459. 

 Angelucci, Father, his account of the 



Fata Morgana, 539. 

 Angitas. the river, sources of the, 299, 



300 

 Anglo-Saxon race, the, 608. 



Angular lamination in strata, 625. 



Animalculse, fossil, 635 ; perfect preser- 

 vation of, 639 ; tertiary, 749 ; lacustrine, 

 77'i. 



Animals, chapter on the distribution of, 

 571 594; modern and ancient clas- 

 sifications, 571 ; plant animals, 572 : in- 

 sects, 572 574 ; fishes. 574 - 578 ; 

 whales, &c., 578. 579; reptiles, 579, 

 580; birds, 580584 ; quadrupeds, 584 

 591 ; localities of animals, 592 ; means 

 of their dispersion, 592594; lime in 

 the bodies of, 624 ; bodies and traces of 

 in strata, 631. et al. ; the less complex 

 tribes of appeared the first, 637 ; list of 

 fossil of the several periods, 638, ('39 ; 

 of the Old World superior to those of 

 the New, 586, 587. 589, 590 ; distribu- 

 tion of by the Creator, 592 ; uncon- 

 sciousness of, 595 ; disseminate plant 

 seeds, 566, 567. 



Anio, the, or Teverone, its cascade, 386 ; 

 its ravages, 416. 



Annelidans, fossil, described and illus- 

 trated, 666. 



Anning, Miss Mary, 723. 



Anoplottierium, the, 745 ; skeleton of 

 the, 639. 



Antarctic continent, the, 596; flora of, 

 562. 



Anthracotherium, the, 745. 



Anthropophagists, 597. 



Antipodes Island, its situation, 196. 



Antiquity of the earth, 429. 434. 



Antisana, Mount, 645. 



Antrim, granitic mountains of, C50. 



Ants, white, or termi es of India and 

 Africa, 573. 



Apennines, the, 650. 



Apes, 590 ; class of, 592. 



Aphelia, 1. 



Appian, 575. 



Apples, fabled, of the Dead Sea, 315. 



Apricot, poisonous variety of the, 568, 569. 



Apterix australis, the, 786 



Aquarius, or constellation of the Wattr- 

 bearer, 152. 



Aquatic plants, 548. 



Aqueous atmospheric phenomena, chap- 

 ter on, 461 483 ; atmospheric vapours, 

 their amount and distribution, 461 

 463 ; forms and nature of clouds, in- 

 cluding cirrus and cumulus, 464 , stra- 

 tus, 464467 ; cirrocumulus and cirro- 

 stratus, 4<'7 ; cumulostratus, 467, 4H8 ; 

 nimbus, 468 ; statistics of -rain, 468 

 474 ; formation, nature, and localities 

 of snow, 474478; of hail, 478480; of 

 dew, 480482 ; of hoar frost, 483. 



Arabia, wells of. 262; is nearly rainless, 

 471 ; intense heats of, 495, 496; flora 

 of, 563; Gulf of, 577; locust-eaters of, 

 597. 



Arabs, the, improved and enlarged the 

 astrolabe or armillary sphere, 16; began 

 their career by the destruction of the 

 Alexandrian library, 17; their mental 

 cultivation began with the Abassidian 

 dynasty, 18; in astronomy and geo- 

 graphy adopted the system of Ptolemy, 

 18 ; their inventions and discoveries de- 

 tailed, 18; Arabian cultivation spread 

 to various countries, 18 ; were ac- 

 quainted with the rarefaction of the at- 

 mosphere, 25. 



Arago, M., 47. 469. 499 ; distinguishes 

 three kinds of lightning, 519 ; his theory 

 of meteors, 142. 



Aral, lake or sea of, 324. 423. 578. 



Ararat, Mount, 203. 593 ; account of, 204 ; 

 3 E 3 



