Borelli developed the influence of gravity, 

 37. 



Berghaus, his theory of mountains, 201. 



Borrowdale, pure plumbago found in, 

 624. 



Borrowstonness, fossil shells at, 774. 



Bory de St. Vincent, M., 548. 



Bosphorus, mouth of the, 199 ; view of, 

 347 ; drains the Black Sea, 366. 



Botanical regions of plants, 560564. 



Bothnia, gulf of, 328. 



Bouguer, M.. 533. 



Boulders, 312. 761, 762; fossil, 640. 751. 

 760, et seq. 



Bourbon, isle of, 581. 



Bovine race, the, 507. 598. 600, 601. 605, 

 606. 



Brachiopoda, fossil, illustrated, 665. 



Bradley, Rev. James, was the third as- 

 tronomer royal, 42 ; discovered the 

 cause of the aberration of the stars, 43 ; 

 also the notation of the earth's axis, 

 43 ; his great industry, 43 ; his death 

 ignorantly interpreted as a divine judg- 

 ment, 43, 44. 



Brande, professor, 131. 734. 



Brazil, forests of, 556. 



Bread-fruit tree, the, 563. 



Breakwater in Plymouth Sound, 350, 

 351. 



Breccia, its formation, 624. 



Brecon, view of hills near, 667. 682. 



Breeds, mixed human ; as mulattos, ter- 

 cerous, quadroons, mastizos, zambos, 

 604 ; animal, 609. 



Breezes, alternate land and sea, 444 

 446. 



Bremontier, M., 549. 



Brescia, disastrous explosion in the city 

 of, 521. 



Breddin, group of hills, 680. 



Bridge, natural, in Virginia, descrip- 

 tion and view of, 291 ; Ain-al-Laban, 

 301. 



Bridlington bay, 594. 



Brighton, atmospherical spectra seen at, 

 540, 541 . 



Brinkley, Dr., his supposed discovery of 

 parallax, 163. 



Bristol Channel, tide in the, 356. 358. 



Britain, early surface of, 771. 782 ; dia- 

 gram of the succession of strata in, 

 641 ; coal strata of, 652 ; granitic rocks 

 of, 645. 



Britain, climate of; the Roman invasion 

 of, 507. 



British Association, 350. 



Channel, the,produced by a disrup- 

 tion between France and England, 

 578. 



British Museum, remarkable slab in the, 

 715; Sauriansin the, 721. 



Britons, the native ; paucity of their 

 fruits before the Roman conquest, 56. 



Brittany, climate of, 493. 



Broaw, peat district of Loch, 769. 



Brocket!, account of the spectre of the, 

 with illustrative view, 541. 



Brockhill, view of trap dyke at, 681. 



Brooke, Sir A. de Capel, 332. 



Brongniart, M., 643. 651. 657. 703, 704. 

 736. 738. 



Brown, Mr. R., his botanical researches, 

 565, 566. 



Brown, professor, his table of the order 

 and succession of fossil animals and 

 plants, 638, 639. 



Bruce, James, of Kinnaird, his imagined 

 discovery of the source of the Nile ; 

 279; his description of its localities, 

 295 ; of the simoom, 447 ; of a sand- 

 storm, 456, 457 ; of wild oats, 567. 



Brute creation, unconsciousness of the, 

 595. 



Brydone, citations from his Tour in Sicily 

 and Malta, 161, 162. 369. 539, 540 ; his 

 account of a scirocco, 449. 



Buch, Von, 619. 650. 711. 



Buckland, Dr., investigations of, 251^ 

 254. 619. 630. 



Buenos Ayres, drought at, 472; hail- 

 storm in, 479 ; fatal thunder-storm in, 

 518 ; insects of, 574 ; estuary deposits 

 near, 567. 



Buffon, the Count de, 586, 587. 



Burnes, the late Sir Alexander, 422. 



Buxton wells, 269. 



INDEX. 



Byron, citations from the works of Lord, 



261. 286. 326. 366. 399 448. 

 Buckland, Professor, 672,673. 681,682. 



702, 703. 712. 714.720, 721. 723. 725. 



734. 757.762. 

 Bullers of Buchan, 648. 

 Burdie-house, limestone, 694. 



Cabra di capello, 579. 



Cactus family of plants, indigenous only 



to America, 558: botanical region of 



the, 561. 



Caddis-worms, fossil, 745. 

 Cader Idris, lake near, 324 ; porphyritic 



columnar trap of, 627. 

 Caen stone, 725. 

 Cairngorm, district of, 649. 

 Calamnites in carboniferous strata, view 



of, 706. 



Calcutta, annual rain-falls at, 471. 

 Calm at sea, illustration of a, 438. 

 Cambrian system, 637. 662. 

 Camel, the, 590. 

 Campagna di Roma, is mainly volcanic, 



Canada, lakes of, 318 ; climate of, 497. 



Canaries, history of the, by Abbe Viera, 

 362. 



Canary Islands, 441. 



Cancer, or constellation of the Crab, 150. 



Canis Major, and Canis Minor, constella- 

 tions of, 154. 



Canton, unwonted snow-fall at, 475. 



Cape Horn, view of, 348 ; Aurora Aus- 

 tralis seen at, 527. 



Cape of Good Hope, coast and harbour, 

 503 ; thistle butterfly found at the, 572. 



Capricornus, or constellation of the Goat, 

 152. 



Caprifoliaceae, region of the, 561. 



Caraccas, coast of, 362. 364 ; earthquakes 

 in, 431,432. 



Caradoc sandstones, 668, 669 ; group, 

 674 ; hill of Caer, 680. 



Carbonate of lime, enters into composi- 

 tion of organic and inorganic bodies, 

 623, 624. 



Carboniferous period, the, 638. 



Carboniferous system, 641,642; coal often 

 turned to coke in the, 652 ; chapter on 

 the, 690. 



Cardona, salt mines of, 711, 7)2. 



Cardoon plant, the, its wonderful fer- 

 tility, 569. 



Carex plant, of great use to the Lap- 

 landers, 560. 



Carlsbad, granitic veins at, 650. 



Carniola, caverns of, 571. 



Carnivorous races of men, 597. 



Carnans, fall of the mountain Rampe de, 

 408. 



Carrara marble, 624. 632. 



Caryophillae, botanical region of the, 560. 



Caspian, the, 311. 314. 323, 324. 578. 



Cassia plants, 563. 



Cassiquaire river, 299 ; singularity of 

 the, 280 ; its junction with the Amazon, 

 555. 



Cassini discovered satellites of Saturn, 

 34. 45. 



Cassiopeia, constellation of, new star ap- 

 pears in the. 167. 



Castalia, or Castaly, fountain of, 260, 

 261 ; view of, 614. 



Castleton Dale, cavern, description of, 

 244, 245. 



Cat, notices of the, 588. 598. 



Catalogues of stars, 143. 158. 166. et al. 



Catania, ci>y of, 410. 



Cataracts, how formed, 203. 283 ; of the 

 Nile, 284. 



Catecucaumene, or burnt-up region of 

 Asia Minor, 429 ; view in the, 430. 



Catten, Mr., 762. 



Catenipora escaroides, view of the, 638. 



Cattle, varieties of, 601 . 606. 



Caucasian race of men, 601, 602. 609. 



Caucasus, mountains of the, 216; road 

 made in by Alexander of Russia, 217 ; 

 great plain of the, 224 ; steppes of the, 

 225 ; snows of the, 488. 



Caverns, temperature diverse in, 249 

 251 ; fossils of, 251254; of Carniola, 

 571 ; and subterranean passages, 238 

 258; general notices of, 238, 239 ; the 

 Delphian in Greece, 239 ; Thor's, in 

 Derbyshire, 239 ; of Sweden, Norway, 



791 



&c., 240, 241 ; of Fingal, in Staffa, 241, 

 242 ; of Iceland, 242 ; of Eldon Hole, 

 242, 243 ; of Peveril of the Peak, 243, 

 244 ; of Castleton Dale, 244, 245 ; of 

 the Guacharo, 245, 246 ; stalactitic, 

 such as Antiparos, 247 ; and Adelsberg, 

 247, 248 ; of Blue John mine, 248, 249 ; 

 of Kirkdale, 251, 252; of Devonshire, 

 &c., 253 ; of Germany, 254 ; of Gailen- 

 reuth, with view and section, 254, 255 ; 

 Grotto del Cane, at Naples, with a 

 view, 255, 256 ; others similar to it, 256 ; 

 of Dudley Castle, with view, 257 ; of 

 Odin's Mine, with view, 258 ; at Not- 

 tingham Castle, view of, 707. 



Cayenne, humidity of, 470. 



Cayman, the, or crocodile, 579, 580. 



Cayster, the river, 398. 



Cedar-tree, respect of the Arabs for the, 

 559. 



Celano, lake, the ancient Fucinus, 313. 



Century, eighteenth, opened with the 

 physical demonstrations of Newton, 

 and closed with the telescopic disco- 

 veries of Herschel, 44; nineteenth, 

 commenced with additions to the pla- 

 netary system, 46. 



Cephalaspis, the, illustrated, 66, 687. 



Cerastes, the, or horned snake, 579. 



Cereals, the, or cultivated grains, 552, 

 553 ; tropical regions not favourable to 

 the growth of, 553, 554. 597 ; origin of 

 the, 567. 594. 



Ceres, ihe planet or asteroid, 91. 



Cerithium giganteum, view of the, 744. 



Ceylon, island of, 590. 



Chaetodon rostratus, or insect-shooting- 

 fish, 575. 



Chalcedony, 655. 



Chaldea, the plains of, the primal seat of 

 astronomy, 4. 



Chaldeans, their priests noted the rising 

 and setting of the stars, 2 ; eclipses, 3 ; 

 were acquainted with cycle of days, 3; 

 invented the zodiac, 3. 



Chalk, notices of, 635. 636, 637, 638. 640. 

 642; of Kent and Sussex, &r., 731 ; of 

 England, Ireland, and foreign coun- 

 tries, 731 . et seq. ; composition of, 733. 



Challenger, loss of the frigate, 365. 



Chalmers, Mr., 520. 



Chamouni, valley of, 200. 208, 209. 372 ; 

 645. 647. 



Champagne, poor soil of, 736. 



Chandler, Dr., his account of Castaly, 

 261.398. 



Change common to man and universal 

 nature, 370. 



Changes in oceanic regions, chapter on 

 the, 370386; by denudation of the 

 land, 370372 ; by accretions, 373 ; by 

 elevations of the bed of the sea, as of 

 volciinic islands, 374380 ; and coral 

 islands and reefs, 380385. 



Charles' Island, 581. 



Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire, 645 ; 

 granitic veins in, illustrated, 650 ; rocks 

 of, 662. 



Charybdis and Scylla, 367369. 



Chateaubriand, M., his adventure at 

 Niagara Falls, 290. 



Chellastori gypsum, 711. 



Chert, 677. 



Cheshire, rock-salt of, 712, 713. 777. 



Chiastolite slate, 663. 



Chichester, antique slab found at, 728. 



Chili, accounts of earthquakes in, 405, 

 406. 431 ; its climate, 486 ; its flora, 

 562. 564 ; Chonos archipelago, near, 

 568. 



Chiltern Hundreds, the, 736. 



Chhnboraco, Mount, 202 ; its composi- 

 tion, 203 ; height, 204. 219. 645. 



China, flora of, 563 ; people of, 602, 603. 



Chinese claim the honour of first observ- 

 ing the celestial sphere, 4 ; their native 

 histories of dubious credit, 4. 



Chinese porcelain, felspar a component 

 of, 648. 



Chinese seas, the, 371 ; boatmen, their 

 complexions, 603. 



Chirotherium, view of fossil traces of 

 the, 714, 715. 



Chlorite, its nature, and where found. 

 623. 659. 



Chronology, geological, 621. 



Cicero's villa, alleged remains of, 405. 



